薺菜(C. bursa-pastoris L.)與小團扇薺(L. virginicum L.)種子發芽與出土之研究

Studies on the seed germination and emergence of C. bursa-pastoris L. and L.virginicum L.

莊文進(Wen-Jin Juang) ； 侯金日(Chin-Jin Hou)

《中華民國雜草學會會刊》 37卷2期 (2016/12) Pp. 163-186

https://doi.org/10.6274/WSSROC-2016-0037(2)-163

摘要

本研究主要目的在探討環境因子對薺菜及小團扇薺種子發芽與出土之影響，包括恆溫、變溫、水分潛勢、鹽分濃度、酸鹼度、光質、氧氣與埋土深度，試驗結果如下。薺菜及小團扇薺種子可發芽恆溫範圍在10~25℃之間，以10℃薺菜發芽率最高達89.33％，變溫環境下之發芽能力薺菜以15/10℃、小團扇薺以20/15℃發芽率最高，分別為88.67％及85.33％。薺菜及小團扇薺種子可發芽的水分潛勢範圍在0～-0.4MPa 間，最適合之水分潛勢範圍為0～-0.2MPa，而小團扇薺較耐低水分潛勢，在-0.6MPa 仍有15.33％發芽率。鹽分濃度對薺菜及小團扇薺種子發芽顯示於0～0.6％間，種子皆有發芽能力，鹽分濃度0.6％以上薺菜較小團扇薺種子對鹽分更為敏感。溶液酸鹼度方面，在pH 4~9 間兩種子皆可發芽，其發芽率以pH6~7 處理下，有較高的發芽率皆在80％以上。光質對薺菜種子以白光、紅光、藍光、紫光之發芽率皆逹84%以上最佳；小團扇薺種子以白光、紅光之發芽率皆在80％以上為最佳，而遠紅光、黑暗環境處理下兩種子之發芽率則明顯受抑制。薺菜及小團扇薺種子在光照有氧處理薺菜發芽率較佳達78.67％、無氧處理小團扇薺發芽率較佳達81.33％、嫌氧處理兩種子之發芽率則無明顯差異；在黑暗的情況下，無論有氧、嫌氧或無氧，兩種種子發芽率均低或無發芽。埋土深度試驗以覆土0~0.4cm 幼苗出土率較高、兩種子之出土率受埋土深度影響，當埋土深度7.5 cm 時，小團扇薺種子則不出土、而薺菜埋土深度5 cm 亦不出土。

關鍵字

薺菜 ； 小團扇薺 ； 環境因子 ； 發芽率

並列摘要

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different environmental factors of seed germination and emergence on Shepherd's purse (C. bursa-pastoris L.) and Garden cress (L. virginicum L.), including constant temperature, alternate temperature, water potential, salt concentration, pH, light quality, oxygen, and depth of burying. The seeds of Shepherd's purse and Garden cress at constant temperature treatment could germinate range from 10 to 25 ℃ , using constant temperature 10℃ treatment had highest germination percentage, achieving 89.33％ on Shepherd's purse. Shepherd's purse and Garden cress at alternate temperature treatment had highest germination percentage were 15/10 and 20/15℃, each achieving 88.67 and 85.33％. Shepherd's purse and Garden cress at water potential treatment could germinate range from 0 to -0.4MPa, and most suitablegerminated range from 0 to -0.2MPa, however Garden cress had better resistant ability on low water potential, that had 15.33％germination percentage in the -0.6MPa. Shepherd's purse and Garden cress at salt concentration treatment had germinated ability from 0 to 0.6％, but salt concentration above 0.6％, the germination percentage of Shepherd's purse is more sensitive than Garden cress. Shepherd's purse and Garden cress at solution pH treatment both were able to germinate among from pH4 to pH9, and had greater germination percentage among from pH6 to pH7, achieving aboveto 80%.The light quality treatment with white, red, blue and purple light on Shepherd's purse had better germination percentage, achieving above to 84.00%. Garden cress had better germination percentage with white and red light, both achieved above to 80%. However, the far infrared and the dark environment could obviously limit the germination percentage. In the impact of light and oxygen on Shepherd's purse and Garden cress had better germination percentage, both achieved 78.67. With light and aerobic treatment on Garden cress had better germination percentagewas 81.33％. However the germination percentage with anaerobic treatment had no significant difference between two species. But the germination percentage with dark environment with aerobic, limited anaerobic or anaerobic hadlow or none germination percentage.In the depth test of burying seeds, with the depth range from 0 to 0.4 cm had higher seedling emergency percentage. Both seeds were affected by burying depth. When the depth of 7.5 cm, that Garden cress seeds have no emergency, and the depth is 5.0 cm, Shepherd's purse seeds have no emergency.

並列關鍵字

Shepherd's purse ； Garden cress ； environmental factor ； germination percentage