敷蓋處理對馬鈴薯有機栽培田間雜草相、產量性狀和產量之影響

Effect of Mulching on Weed family distribution, Yield Characters and Yield of Tuber in Organic Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

張育絢(Yu-Hsuan Chang) ； 侯金日(Chin-Jin Hou)

《中華民國雜草學會會刊》 38卷2期 (2017/12) Pp. 137-158

https://doi.org/10.6274/WSSROC.201712_38(2).0137

摘要

本試驗以馬鈴薯克尼伯和台農一號為試驗材料，於嘉義縣朴子市有機驗證合格之農地進行栽培試驗。馬鈴薯分別於2013年秋作、2014年春作及2014年秋作種植。以不同的敷蓋資材（塑膠布、稻草、花生殼、稻殼和對照組），並在馬鈴薯生育期間調查田間雜草相變化、收穫後調查馬鈴薯產量性狀。結果顯示在兩期秋作馬鈴薯試驗中，莧科之野莧為主要發生的雜草族群，次要發生的有茄科的龍葵和禾本科的牛筋草及芒稷，在春作馬鈴薯試驗中，茄科的龍葵為主要發生之雜草族群，次要發生的有禾本科和莧科。試驗期間除上述三個主要雜草族群外，其他少部分草種包括有菊科(鼠麴舅、鼠麴草、山萵苣和紫花藿香薊)、藜科(小葉灰藋)等少數草種。不同資材的敷蓋處理下，整個試驗期間以塑膠布敷蓋處理抑制雜草密度和乾重的效果最好。馬鈴薯克尼伯在2013年秋作以敷蓋塑膠布處理塊莖產量顯著最高，在2014年春秋作中則以敷蓋花生殼處理塊莖產量顯著最高，與慣行栽培相比，花生殼敷蓋處理顯著高於慣行栽培，其次為稻殼敷蓋處理；馬鈴薯台農一號在2013年秋作以敷蓋稻草處理塊莖產量顯著最高，而在2014年春作以敷蓋花生殼顯著最高，2014年秋作是以稻草和花生殼敷蓋顯著最高，與慣行栽培相比，花生殼敷蓋處理顯著高於慣行栽培，其次為稻草敷蓋處理；整體而言以敷蓋稻草和花生殼處理表現較佳。

關鍵字

馬鈴薯 ； 有機栽培 ； 敷蓋處理 ； 雜草相 ； 產量性狀

並列摘要

This cultivation experiment was planted in the farmland with organic certification located at Chia-yi Zu-Zi and using two potato cultivars, Kennebec and TNG1, as experimental materials. Potatoes were planted in 2013 fall crop, 2014 spring crop and 2014 fall crop, respectively. The experiment was proceed with weed management of organic cultivation. One is different mulch material (silver-black mulch film, rice straw, peanut hull, rice hull and control). The field of weed phase was investigated during the potato growth period, the potato yield was investigated after harvested of potato tuber.The results are as follows: In the two fall cropping for the potato experiment, the Amaranthaceae of Amaranthus viridis L. is the main occurrence of weed population, the secondary occurrence of weed population are Solanaceae of Solanum nigrum L. , Gramineae of Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn, and Echinochloa colona (L.) Link. In the spring potato experiment, Solanaceae of Solanum nigrum L. is the main occurrence of weed population, the secondary occurrence of weed population is Gramineae and Amaranthaceae. In addition to the above three major population, still insist other small parts of the grass species including Compositae (Gnaphalium purpureum L. ,Gnaphalium affine D. Don. , Lactuca indica L. , Ageratum houstonianum Mill.), and Chenopodiaceae (Chenopodium ficifolium Sm.) . In the mulching treatment of different materials, the using of silver-black mulch film to the KNB and the TNG1 had the best inhibition weed density and dry weight during the experiment period. The KNB (2013 fall crop) had significantly the highest yield by mulching silver-black mulch film; in 2014 spring and fall crop, the tuber yield was significantly the highest by mulching peanut hull. Compared with conventional, mulching peanut hull was significantly higher, then, was mulching rice hull. TNG1had significantly the highest yield by mulching rice straw in 2013 fall crop; the tuber yield was significantly the highest by mulching peanut hull in 2014 spring crop. And the tuber yield was significantly the highest by mulching rice straw and peanut hull in 2014 fall crop. Compared with conventional, mulching peanut hull was significantly higher, then, was mulching rice hull. Altogether, mulching peanut hull and mulching rice straw performed much better.

並列關鍵字

Potato ； Organic cultivation ； Mulching ； Weed Phase ； Yield traits