台灣除草劑抗性雜草資料庫與抗性鑑定

Database and identification of herbicide- resistant weeds in Taiwan

王慶裕(Ching-Yuh Wang)

《中華民國雜草學會會刊》 39卷2期 (2018/12) Pp. 211-235

https://doi.org/10.6274/WSSROC.201812_39(2).0006

摘要

自1970年以來，全球因長期連續使用相同或不同作用機制（action mechanism）之除草劑，雜草在除草劑選拔壓力（selection pressure）下，其族群逐漸出現各種相關之抗性生物型（biotypes）。台灣農委會農業藥物毒物試驗所（簡稱藥試所）在1980年曾於美國雜草學會（WSSA）網站上登錄抗草脫淨（atrazine）之野茼蒿抗性生物型。在台灣國內因長期施用伏寄普（fluazifop），近年來藥試所也發現有抗性之牛筋草出現， 興大農藝系與藥試所合作， 針對此材料在除草劑吸收（uptake）、轉運（translocation）、代謝（metabolism）、與目標酵素（target site）乙醯輔酶A 羧化酵素（ACCase）之改變等已完成相關抗性生理機制之研究。由於上述相關抗性雜草之取得均有賴農民直接向藥試所反映，再由所方研究人員前往現場取樣分析，此種方式受限於抗性雜草發現後之通報系統不穩定、以及公務單位人手不足等問題，無法全面性專責調查及發現台灣目前真正出現之抗性雜草種類與數量，因此，興大農藝系設立網站，目標是建立”台灣除草劑抗性雜草通報系統”、以及建立收集與鑑定之標準流程（SOP），並進一步建立”台灣除草劑抗性雜草資料庫”，以掌握台灣除草劑抗性雜草出現之狀況，以及分析抗性產生之原因及擬定處理方法。

關鍵字

除草劑抗性雜草 ； 作用機制 ； 選拔壓力

並列摘要

Since 1970, due to the long-term application of herbicides having the same or different action mechanisms, this herbicide selection pressure resulted in the appearance of weed populations having herbicide resistance, i.e., herbicide-resistant biotypes. In 1980, the first case from Taiwan registered on the website of the Weed Science Society of America (WSSA) was atrazine-resistant tall fleabane (Conyza sumatrensis). In our country, after the long-term application of fluazifop, the Taiwan Agricultural Chemicals and Toxic Substances Research Institute (TACTRI) found a fluazifop-resistant goosegrass through farmer in recent years. For the past few years, our laboratory cooperated with TACTRI to explore the resistance mechanism of this resistant biotype. All related physiological studies of resistance mechanism have been completed, such as alterations in uptake, translocation, and metabolism of fluazifop, and changes in the target site, i.e., acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase). Since the above-mentioned resistant weed was found by the farmers occationally, and such notification system was unstable and unable to be expected, therefore, the Department of Agronomy, NCHU, have built a website with the goal of establishing a notification pipeline for finding ＂herbicide-resistant weeds in Taiwan＂, as well as the establishment of a standard operating procedure (SOP) for collection and identification of resistant weeds in Taiwan. Besides, to set up the ＂Database of herbicide-resistant weeds in Taiwan＂ for understanding the practical situation of resistant weeds or their biotypes in Taiwan, and to explore the resistance mechanism, as well as to sugest the resolving way against herbicide resistance in Taiwan will be expected.

並列關鍵字

herbicide-resistant weeds ； action mechanism ； selection pressure