從跨文化哲學觀點看鄔昆如教授的比較倫理學

鄔昆如老師的思想常有一跨文化角度，這點早在他的博士論文《莊子與古希臘哲學中的道》中便已展現。當時主要從跨文化角度，比較了中國古代哲學家孔子、老子與莊子，和古希臘先蘇哲學家巴爾曼尼德斯與赫拉克里圖斯等思想家。二十年後，他出版了《倫理學》，有系統地論述了中西倫理學的歷史發展、內在涵義與當代意義，可謂完整地開展了一套嶄新的比較倫理學。本文擬從跨文化哲學觀點，閱讀鄔昆如老師的比較倫理學，採擷三數精華，以資紀念。其一，道德意向與實現條件的辯證性。其二、強調人意志的道德努力，然終須訴諸形上與宇宙論的基礎，兩者有密切的互動關係。三、重視德行，而不止於德行，是一開放的德行論倫理學。本文將特就這三點，綜合出鄔先生的比較倫理學具有內外兼備、上下交融、整全合一等三項特色，並就此展開論述，以紀念鄔昆如老師。

關鍵字

道德意向；實踐條件；宇宙論基礎；意志；德行倫理學

並列摘要

Prof. Peter Kun Yu Woo's thought has always shown an intercultural dimension. This could be seen already from his Ph.D. dissertation ＂Dao in Zhauangzi and Ancient Greek Philosophy＂ in which ha compared Chinese philosophers Confucius, Laozi and Zhuangzi and Ancient Greek philosophers Parmenides and Heraclitus. Twenty years later, he published Ethics, which systematically treated the historical development, internal meaning, and contemporary significance of the ethical thoughts in China and the West. We can say that he gave us there a brand new treatise of a comparative ethics. This paper will analyze and assess his comparative ethics in drawing from it three essential contributions. First, the dialectical interaction between the internal moral intention and its outer conditions of implementation; second, the importance of human will's moral effort with reference to its metaphysical and cosmological foundation; highest regard paid to virtue, while emphasizing its union with the Perfect One in love. Therefore he holds a virtue ethics of the open and integral type. This paper will develop its arguments by featuring these three points in memory of Prof. Peter Kun Yu Woo: interaction of the inner and outer, interfusion of the up and down, and the union of Man and God in Love.