過勞職災的認定爭議與政策因應：日本經驗對台灣的啟示

Disputes and Policy Responses Concerning the Hazards of Overwork and Workers' Compensation: Experiences in Japan and Their Implications for Taiwan

鄭雅文(Ya-Wen Cheng) ； 吳宣蓓(Shiuan-Be Wu) ； 翁裕峰(Yu-Feng Wong)

《台灣公共衛生雜誌》 30卷4期 (2011/08) Pp. 301-315

https://doi.org/10.6288/TJPH2011-30-04-01

摘要

台灣近年來疑似工作過度而猝死的事件頻傳，政府為因應此職災認定爭議，陸續參考日本規範，頒布修訂相關認定指引。本研究採文獻回顧與政府統計分析，旨在回顧日本過勞職災認定爭議的發展歷程，描述歷年職災認定狀況，最後探討日本對於過勞問題所採的預防策略。我們建議，台灣應參考日本經驗，檢討當前職災認定標準與程序；針對工時規範與工時過長工作者的健康管理，應修改相關法規，使雇主與醫師能落實預防責任；政府並應整理並公布職災認定相關統計資料，以利外部監督。我們亦應留意日本過勞政策之缺失，以期建立更好的規範。

關鍵字

工作壓力 ； 職業傷病 ； 職災補償制度 ； 預防 ； 日本

並列摘要

In Taiwan, cases of sudden death linked to overwork are a growing concern. The government has adopted several Japanese regulations and guidelines which concern the recognition of and compensation for work-related injuries and diseases that are due to overwork. Based on the literature and analyses of official statistics from the worker's compensation system in Japan, we examined the development of policies concerning the recognition and prevention of overwork hazards in Japan. Based on this review, we suggest that Taiwan should reduce the barriers for workers' compensation by revising the criteria for the recognition of work-related diseases. Regulations concerning working hours and the health management of workers with prolonged working hours should also be improved. In addition, statistics and the related content of workers' claims for compensation should be made public. Taiwan should also be aware of and avoid the limitations of the Japanese approach.

並列關鍵字

job stress ； occupational injuries and diseases ； worker's compensation ； prevention ； Japan

參考文獻

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan. Longterm trends in employment status. Available at: http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/roudou/gindex.htm. Accessed February 25, 2011. [In Japanese]

Iwasaki, K.,Takahashi, M.,Nakata, A.(2006).Health problems due to long working hours in Japan: working hours, workers' compensation (Karoshi) and preventive measures.Ind Health.44,537-40.

Ogura, K.(2009).Long working hours in Japan.Jpn Econ.36,23-45.

Kanai, A.(2008)."Karoshi (Work to Death)" in Japan.J Bus Ethics.84,209-16.

Kondo, N.,Oh, J.(2010).Suicide and karoshi (death from overwork) during the recent economic crises in Japan: the impacts, mechanisms and political responses.J Epidemiol Community Health.64,649-50.