《蜀書．諸葛亮傳》對「三顧草廬」的歷史建構與「儒家道統」的價值宣揚

Chen Shou's Historical Constructions of ＂Three Visits to the Cottage＂ and Promoting the value of ＂Confucian Daotong＂ in the Zhuge Liang from the History of Shu Shu

林郁迢(Yu-Tiao Lin)

《臺北教育大學語文集刊》 35期 (2019/06) Pp. 1-35

摘要

三國說部的大肆渲染，致使陳壽筆下的「三顧草廬」成為家喻戶曉的歷史掌故，更是中國政治史上最令人欣羨的君臣際遇。然而，陳壽並非順理成章將「三顧草廬」的本事寫進史書，而是經過多方的歷史建構，因為當時北方社會其實流傳著諸葛亮登門自薦的說法。陳壽在《三國志．蜀書．諸葛亮傳》中，首先根據自己蒐集的材料詳述「三顧草廬」（含〈草盧對〉）」始末，及事件當事人自撰之〈出師表〉，及西晉官方認可的〈上諸葛氏集表〉接連證實，終能在異說環伺中確立三顧草廬的公信力；而透過上述三篇文獻，更連帶宣揚了蜀漢君臣實踐儒家文化對道統／政統所要求的價值信念，巧妙地為蜀漢在三國政治正統的歷史激辯上贏得利基。

關鍵字

三顧草廬 ； 三國志 ； 陳壽 ； 道統 ； 草盧對 ； 出師表 ； 上諸葛氏集表

並列摘要

The exaggerations of novels and writings about the Three Kingdoms caused the ＂Three Visits to the Cottage＂ written by Chen Shou to become a well-known historical allusion, as well as the most admirable encounter between the emperor and the minister in the Chinese political history. However, it was difficult and challenging for Chen Shou to include the event of ＂Three Visits to the Cottage＂ in the historical records. Chen Shou had to construct the history meticulously to clear up doubts because a widespread rumor in the northern China at the time said that Kongming visited Lui Bei to recommend himself. During the compilation of historical records, Chen Shou not only described in detail the whole story of ＂Three Visits to the Cottage＂ according to the materials collected by himself in the ＂History of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Su, Biography of Zhuge Liang,＂ but also repeatedly verified in Chu Shi Biao, written by Kongming, the person involved in the event, and in the ＂Shang Zhuge Shi Ji Biao,＂ which was officially certified in the Western Jin Dynasty to prove the authenticity of his historical writings and correct the wrongs among different sayings. Eventually, Chen Shou established the historical credibility of the story about Lui Bei's three visits to the cottage of Kongming, which also promoted the value and faith requested by orthodox principles/orthodox politics in Confucianism practiced by emperors and ministers in Shu Han and further won the niche for the intense debates on political orthodox in the Three Kingdoms.

並列關鍵字

Three Visits to the Cottage ； Chu Shi Biao ； Shang Zhuge Shi Ji Biao ； Chen Shou ； Records of the Three Kingdoms ； Orthodox

參考文獻

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梁．劉勰撰，周振甫注:《文心雕龍注釋》，臺北:里仁書局，1998。

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