論《金瓶梅》的巾帕敘事

The Handkerchief Narratives in Jin Ping Mei

陳福智(Fu-Chih Chen)

《東華漢學》 28期 (2018/12) Pp. 101-144

摘要

巾帕作為《金瓶梅》的物質敘事之一，自然有其特殊意義，並且與其他物質敘事有所呼應，形成笑笑生的敘事風格，呈現其世界觀。在笑笑生筆下，巾帕的敘事意義首先是物質性的，其具體表現在於，一方面是擦拭、包覆的實用性功能的物品，使用過程也與其他物質發生緊密的關係，構成了物物相連的物質世界，另一方面巾帕成為有價格可計算和販售的貨物，是人際間彼此互送和交換的常見財物。巾帕其次是精神性的，不僅讀者可透露禮物性贈送時所帶來的人物心意，重要的它更是見證戀人私密關係的情感信物，是《金瓶梅》人物承接或表達心意和情意的載體之一。雖然《金瓶梅》中巾帕敘事表現物質性和精神性的兩面特質，總體來說，物質性佔有絕對性的主導和影響，除了精神性通常混有偏向物質性的色彩外，最關鍵的在於，巾帕的使用無法改變人物的精神意涵，精神性僅是曇花一現，人物主要仍然服從物質力量。巾帕敘事或可視為笑笑生對世俗世界的根本觀點，雖然精神存在於世界，根本地說世界卻是由物質所主導和發展的。

關鍵字

巾帕敘事 ； 金瓶梅 ； 世界觀 ； 物質敘事

並列摘要

In Jin Ping Mei, handkerchiefs are a form of material narrative that bears specific meanings. Corresponding with other material narratives in the work, they jointly constitute the narrative style of the author, Lanling Xiaoxiao Sheng, and reflect his world view. In his writing, the narrative meaning of handkerchiefs is first and foremost material, which is manifested chiefly in handkerchiefs' role as a wiping and covering accessory, in which function they react intimately with other materials and form an interrelating material world. Additionally, handkerchiefs are a commodity that are priced and can be traded, which makes them common personal possessions that can be given as presents or exchanged between one another. The second meaning is spiritual, because as a gift, a handkerchief reveals to the readers the feelings of the giver, and more symbolically, it signifies the intimacy between lovers. Therefore, in Jin Ping Mei handkerchiefs act as a vehicle of affection for the characters. However, although handkerchiefs bear both material and spiritual meanings in Jin Ping Mei, as a whole the material meaning is the absolutely dominant and decisive one. This is apparent from the often material characteristics mixed in the spiritual implications, which is all the more revealing with the realization that the presence of a handkerchief cannot alter a character's mental state so that the spirituality is all but fleeting and the character concerned is still bound to the rules of the material world. In summary, the handkerchief narratives are a revelation of Lanling Xiaoxiao Sheng's view of the mundane world, which he considered fundamentally dominated by materials, although he also recognized the influence of spirituality.

並列關鍵字

handkerchief narrative ； Jin Ping Mei ； material narrative ； world view

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