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膚紋學在法醫學上對個人辨識的可能應用

Application of Dermatoglyphics to Forensic Medicine for Individual Identification

摘要


膚紋學與法醫人類學同屬體質人類學的分支,除了指紋在刑事偵查上有其重要性之外,膚紋學在法醫學上對個人識別亦可提供判別人種、性別、年齡、染色體異常、可能職業或能力等方面的協助。在人種方面,主要可以藉由掌部各區域真實花紋的出現與否,提供人種判別的可能性。在性別方面,目前無確切的辨識方法,但能由掌長(FG)的極端值來判別男女。在年齡方面,可藉由atd角估計幼兒的年齡,但青少年與成年人則尚無可靠的方法。在染色體異常方面,唐氏症患者已有清楚的膚紋特徵描述,性染色體異常者其總指紋嵴線數會與一般人群有所差異。在可能職業或能力方面,目前已有運動能力與膚紋的相關研究出現,優秀運動員具有特定的膚紋特徵。整體而言,膚紋學在個人識別的研究上還有相當大的發展空間。

關鍵字

膚紋 膚紋學 體質人類學 指紋 掌紋

並列摘要


Dermatoglyphics and forensic anthropology are subfields of physical anthropology. Human dermatoglyphs can provide helpful information for individual identification. Ancestry can be attributed through palmer patterns. Sex can only be attributed by the extreme values of palm length. Children's ages can be estimated through angle atd, but no useful method of dermatoglyphics for estimating ages of youth and adults. People with chromosome abnormality have special patterns of dermatoglyphs on both hand and foot. Excellent athletes also have unique patterns of dermatoglyphs.

參考文獻


Chen YF, Zhang HG, Shen CF, Lai CH: A dermatoglyphic study of the Amis aboriginal population of Taiwan. Sci China C Life Sci 2008;51:80-5. doi:10.1007/s11427-008-0010-3
Chen YF, Zhang HG, Lai CH, Lu ZY, Wang ZG: A dermatoglyphic study of the Kavalan aboriginal population of Taiwan. Sci China C Life Sci 2007;50:135-9. doi:10.1007/s11427-007-0005-5
Zhang HG, Chen YF, Ding M et al.: Dermatoglyphics from all Chinese ethnic groups reveal geographic patterning. PLoS One 2010;5:e8783. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008783
Naffah J: Dermatoglyphics and flexion creases in the Lebanese population. Am J Phys Anthropol 1974;41:391-410. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330410306
張海國:中國民族膚紋學。福州:福建科學技術,2002:50-70。

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