According to the recent statistics of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, malignant tumors have topped the list of causes of death, followed by heart diseases and cerebrovascular diseases, which occurs in elderly men and women. Current methods for disease detection such as blood examination, tissue biopsy and radiography still need to be improved. The diagnostic process is somewhat inconvenient and should be considered, particularly in elderly. In recent years, researchers have been working on the study of new adjuvant detection method, especially on the detection of luminescence material imaging attention. Compared to traditional methods, the new approach is less invasive and has low side effects. This review article aims to give a brief introduction to the future development of upconversion luminescent materials in biomedical testing and bioimaging.