電催化水解產氫

Electrocatalysis of Water for Hydrogen Production

曾祈昂(Chi-Ang Tseng)

《化學》 77卷3期 (2019/09) Pp. 229-240

https://doi.org/10.6623/chem.201909_77(3).006

摘要

傳統石化燃料日益枯竭與全球暖化及氣候變遷，使得再生能源備受重視。而電催化產氫具有對環境無害、可大規模生產以及氫的高能量密度等優點，是各國積極開發的主要再生能源之一。電催化材料以鉑為主的觸媒具有最好的催化效果，然而其在地球上的稀有性與貴重性，很難大規模的生產。因此，發展非貴重金屬的催化材料，且具有高效率的催化活性，則是一個重要的研究目標。本文首先介紹電催化產氫的機制以及電催化量測的重要因子，接著介紹合成電催化材料常用的方法-化學氣相沉積法與化學溶液法，最後回顧近年來在電催化產氫材料上的發展，主要分成四大部分：碳材、碳材－金屬複合物、金屬氧化物、金屬氫氧化物及金屬硫（硒）化物等。分別簡介各種電催化材料的優勢和改善電催化效率的方法，包含利用各種方法來增加表面積與活性面積、不同原子的摻雜改變材料的電子組態和結合兩種或兩種以上的電催化材料等。由於電催化產氫反應包含許多反應路徑，因此結合兩種或兩種以上的電催化材料可讓各電催化材料各司其職，是近年來發展高效率電催化材料的趨勢。另外，隨著理論計算的發展，可針對電催化材料進行各種產氫路徑的能量計算，亦可幫助高性能電催化材料的開發，以製備具經濟效益性的非貴重金屬催化材料。

關鍵字

活性位點 ； 化學氣相沉積法 ； 電催化產氫 ； 金屬氫氧化物 ； 金屬氧化物 ； 金屬硫（硒）化物

並列摘要

Energy crisis and environmental pollution arising from the burning of carbon-based fossil fuel in the past decades facilitate people to reconsider the way we utilized the resource on earth. Hydrogen as an ideal energy source came up to the stage due to its high energy density and environmental benignity. Electrochemical water splitting is not only regarded as the cleanest technique for hydrogen generation, but also suitable to perform on a large scale. Until now, platinum-based electrocatalysts have shown the best performance for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, its rareness and high cost hinder mass production in industry. It is a significant target to achieve non-precious metal electrocatalysts with high catalytic activity toward HER. First, this article introduces the mechanisms of HER in acidic and alkaline electrolytes and key parameters for evaluating electrocatalysts. The synthesis methods of electrocatalysts including chemical vapor deposition and wet chemical method were followed. Last, the partial reports about the development of electrocatalysts was reviewed; the related electrocatalysts include carbon, carbon-metal composite, metal oxide, metal hydroxide and metal sulfides (selenides). The appealing properties of various electrocatalysts and the strategy of improving catalytic activity toward HER are discussed. Increasing the specific surface area and/or active sites, catalysts doped with heteroatom and the combination of two functional electrocatalysts are widely developed to enhance the HER performance in the literature. Moreover, the theoretical calculation supports the explanation and deeper insight of the improved catalytic performance, also facilitating the progress of non-precious metal electrocatalysts with high catalytic activity.

並列關鍵字

Active sites ； Chemical vapor deposition ； Hydrogen evolution reaction ； Metal hydroxides ； Metal oxides ； Metal sulfides (selenides)