過渡金屬摻雜異原子應用於電催化水裂解

Heteroatom-doped Transitions Metal Compounds for Electrocatalytic Water Splitting

莊昀諺(Yun-Yen Chuang) ； 廖文峯(Wen-Feng Liaw)

《化學》 77卷4期 (2019/12) Pp. 315-323

https://doi.org/10.6623/chem.201912_77(4).004

摘要

電化學水裂解被認為是將可再生太陽能源轉化為氫燃料的最佳策略，透過高效且穩固的電催化劑使陰極的氫氣釋放反應（hydrogen evolution reaction, HER）和陽極的氧氣釋放反應（oxygen evolution reaction, OER）可持續生產。其中，作為HER和OER催化活性基準Pt和IrO_2/RuO_2電催化劑分別展現了優異的效率，但金屬的稀少性與過高的價格阻礙了實際應用的發展，因此開發替代的高效電催化劑至關重要。當前已投入大量研究於過渡金屬應用水裂解中，尤其是地球富含且價格低廉的Fe、Co、Ni金屬，這些催化劑擁有良好的活性與穩定性，在本篇回顧中，將簡介HER和OER的基本機制後，討論了可以調控催化劑對HER/OER和水裂解活性的關鍵因素，藉由異原子的摻雜，能夠造成結構的改變，使更多的活性中心暴露，也可增加催化劑本身的導電性和穩定性。

關鍵字

水裂解 ； 氫氣釋放反應 ； 氧氣釋放反應 ； 電催化劑

並列摘要

Electrochemical water splitting is recognized as the best practical strategy for transformation of sustainable energy sources such as solar energy to hydrogen fuel. Through hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water splitting demands efficient and robust electrocatalysts. Pt and IrO_2/RuO_2 electrocatalysts which serve as benchmarks for HER and OER catalytic activity show superior efficiency, respectively. However, expanding their practical application is hindered by their exorbitant price and scarcity. Therefore, the development of alternative effective electrocatalysts for water splitting is crucial. Currently, substantial effort has been invested in the water splitting by transition metals, especially Fe, Co, and Ni, which show promising catalytic activities and durability. In this minireview, after introducing the basic mechanisms of HER and OER, we discuss the crucial factors that can tune the activity of catalysts toward HER/OER and water splitting. Heteroatom-dopping compounds not only can cause structural changes to expose more active sites, also can increase the electric conductivity and the stability of the intrinsic catalysts.

並列關鍵字

Water splitting ； Hydrogen evolution reaction ； Oxygen evolution reaction ； Earth-abundant metals