電化學式單核苷酸多態性感測發展與應用

Development of Electrochemical Sensors for Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Detection

孫心慈(Sin-Cih Sun) ； 莊旻傑(Min-Chieh Chuang)

《化學》 78卷1期 (2020/03) Pp. 21-34

https://doi.org/10.6623/chem.202003_78(1).003

摘要

隨著人類對於自然界生物基因體的了解逐漸增加，更多起因於單點核酸突變的疾病亦被揭露，快速且高靈敏度的核酸突變點偵測技術將有助於早期發現與及時治療。即使即時聚合酶連鎖反應儀（real-time PCR）已成為分析單點核酸突變的重要技術，具有可微小化、可攜式、拋棄式、低成本等特性的電化學感測技術，則具有發展快速篩檢之潛力，適合現場檢測之應用。本文回顧電化學式單點核酸突變感測技術，尤其針對選擇性及靈敏度兩大感測表現指標的增進策略進行核心技術介紹，期望提供科學研究人員對於這個領域系統性的瞭解，進一步開發符合未來需求的單點核酸突變分析方法。

關鍵字

單核苷酸多態性 ； 生物感測器 ； 電化學 ； 選擇性 ； 訊號擴增

並列摘要

As the knowledge of biological genome recognized by human gradually increases, more diseases caused by single nucleotide substitution have been revealed. Fast and highly sensitive analytical techniques certainly benefit early detection and timely treatment. While the real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) has become the crucial instrument to analyze single nucleotide substitution, electrochemical biosensors can be miniaturized, portable, disposable, and less costly, holding the promise to rapid screening for the filed application. This article summarizes the electrochemical sensing technology of single nucleotide substitution and addresses the technical strategies to advance selectivity and sensitivity, the principal evaluation parameters of sensing performance. It is anticipated to provide the scientists with a systematic overview for further novel technology development to meet detection demands in the near future.

並列關鍵字

Single nucleotide polymorphism ； Biosensor ； Electrochemistry ； Selectivity ； Signal amplification