增益植物健康之多功能蘇力菌研究

Characterization Assay of Multifunctional Bacillus thuringiensis Strains with the Ability to Enhance Plant Health

胡斐婷(Fei-Ting Hu) ； 郭雪(Sheueh Kuo) ； 蔡米皓(Mi-Hau Tsai) ； 曾經洲(Ching-Chou Tzeng)

《臺灣農藥科學》 1期 (2016/12) Pp. 50-69

https://doi.org/10.6671/TPS/2016.001.03

摘要

選擇殺蟲效果良好之蘇力菌 (Bacillus thuringiensis, Bt)，探討其促進作物生長及抑制病原菌等附加效果。以鮎澤蘇力菌 (Bt subsp. aizawai, Bta) 及庫斯蘇力菌 (Bt subsp. kurstaki, Btk) 2 亞種之不同5 品系菌株 (Bta A603、Bta Ab12、Bta ABTS1857、Btk E911 及Btk ABTS351) 供試。利用聚合酶連鎖反應 (polymerase chain reaction, PCR) 進行供試蘇力菌基因檢測，皆可檢出帶有溶磷(phosphate solubilization)、吲哚-3- 乙酸 (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA)、嵌鐵物質 (siderophore)、1-胺基環丙烷- 羧酸脫胺酶 (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase, ACCD)、幾丁質分解酶(chitinase) 及β-1,3- 葡萄聚醣水解酶 (β-1,3-glucanase) 等基因。藉由生化分析，發現供試蘇力菌菌株，均有IAA 生成、溶磷反應以及產生尿素分解酶、幾丁質分解酶、硝酸還原酶。與植物病原菌共同培養，會產生明顯的對峙效果。在高鹽環境下，也仍有IAA 及尿素分解酶的生成。盆栽試驗顯示蘇力菌產品具促進作物生長、增長植物根系、協助肥料利用、耐鹽以及降低病原菌危害等效用。田間試驗也顯示使用蘇力菌產品之結球甘藍重量增加。綜合前述結果，證實蘇力菌除可殺蟲外，兼具促進作物生長、增進肥效、抑制微生物及減緩高鹽逆境等多項特性，可提升作物健康、品質及產量。

關鍵字

蘇力菌 ； 促進作物生長 ； 抑制微生物 ； 多功能微生物

並列摘要

In this study we investigated several properties of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains with good pest killing effects, such as plant growth promotion, pathogen suppression, etc. After performing PCR on five strains of Bt (subsp. aizawai [Bta] A603, Bta Ab12, Bta ABTS1857, and Bt subsp. kurstaki [Btk] E911, and Btk ABTS351), we detected genes for phosphate solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophore, 1-aminocyclopropane- 1-carboxylate deaminase (ACCD), chitinase, and β-1,3-glucanase. Physiological analyses showed that (1) all strains could produce IAA, phosphorus solubilization, urease, chitinase, and nitrate reductase, and (2) IAA and urease in high salinity were secreted. The results of pot experiments further indicated that Bt could enhance the plant growth, improve root development, increase the efficiency of fertilizer, promote salinity tolerance, and reduce pathogen invasions. Finally, we found that Bt was efficient at increasing the fresh weight of cabbage in the field. In summary, this study confirmed that Bt can confer multiple benefits to agriculture, such as, suppressing plant pathogens, alleviating soil salinity stress, and improving the health, quality, fertility, and productivity of crops.

並列關鍵字

Bacillus thuringiensis ； plant growth promotion ； microorganism inhibition ； multifunctional microorganism