臺灣常用農藥之慢性健康危害風險排序

Hazard Rankings Based on Chronic Health Effects of High-use Pesticides in Taiwan

廖俊麟(Chun-Lin Liao) ； 林春蘭(Chun-Lan Lin) ； 呂水淵(Shui-Yuan Lu) ； 蔡韙任(Wei-Ren Tsai)

《臺灣農藥科學》 5期 (2018/12) Pp. 53-73

https://doi.org/10.6671/TPS.201812_(5).04

摘要

本研究為對國內高使用量農藥進行危害影響之風險排序，包括目前國際較關注3項慢性危害影響含致腫瘤性（carcinogenicity）、內分泌干擾（endocrine disruption）和生殖／發育毒性（reproductive／developmental toxicity）。針對各慢性危害指標考量其不同農藥之毒性（toxicity）及暴露（exposure）兩大層面藉以評估長期在環境暴露下之不同健康風險因子影響證據權重。先考量農藥使用量篩選出高使用量農藥清單，再依序評估毒性風險包括危害等級（class）及風險強度（potency），以及暴露風險包括揮發通量（volatilization flux）和土壤中持續性（soil persistence），進一步考量個別農藥在暴露環境下相關人員綜合的慢性危害風險，最後再利用使用量調整每一農藥的風險危害值，以精進本危害健康風險評估之方法，達到農藥對健康風險危害預警之用。最後統合出農藥對3項慢性危害之綜合健康風險的影響。風險排序結果顯示，總體慢性危害影響等級之前10名農藥分別為鋅錳乃浦（mancozeb）、陶斯松（chlorpyrifos）、施得圃（pendimethalin）、丁基拉草（butachlor）、甲基多保淨（thiophanate-methyl）、愛殺松（ethion）、四氯異苯腈（chlorothalonil）、大滅松（dimethoate）、加保扶（carbofuran）和加保利（carbaryl），相關排序結果可提供管理者更完整風險預警資訊，達到風險管控的目的。

關鍵字

農藥 ； 風險排序 ； 毒性 ； 暴露 ； 致癌性 ； 內分泌干擾

並列摘要

This study applied a hazard-ranking approach to the evaluation of high-use pesticides in Taiwan. Specifically, we were concerned with three types of chronic health hazards that are of international concern: carcinogenicity, endocrine disruption, and reproductive/ developmental toxicity. In evaluating each pesticide, both toxicity and exposure were used as chronic hazard indicators. Toxicity and exposure were employed to assess the long-term evidence weights of different health risk factors that may occur under environmental exposure. We first determined the frequency of use of various pesticides in Taiwan in order to establish a list of high-use pesticides. We then evaluated the toxicity risk of each high-use pesticide according to ＂toxic class＂ and ＂toxic potency＂. We further assessed the ＂volatilization flux＂ and ＂soil persistence＂ of each pesticide to determine the potential exposure risk faced by individuals who are exposed to pesticides in the surrounding environment. Pesticide hazard scores were adjusted according to the frequency at which each pesticide was used in order to improve the reliability of our health risk assessment and to achieve early warning about pesticides that present health risks. Finally, the overall health risk posed by each high-use pesticide was determined by combining the hazard scores obtained for the three types of chronic health hazards. According to the overall chronic hazard level, risk ranking results showed that the top ten riskiest pesticides are mancozeb, chlorpyrifos, pendimethalin, butachlor, thiophanate-methyl, ethion, chlorotha-lonil, dimethoate, carbofuran, and carbaryl. Our findings of this study should provide managers with more comprehensive risk information and thereby help improve risk management and control.

並列關鍵字

pesticide ； risk ranking ； toxicity ； exposure ； carcinogenicity ； endocrine disruptor