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  • 學位論文

對偶四元數應用於攝影測量方位求解

Application of Dual Quaternion for Determing Photogrammetric Orientation Parameters

指導教授 : 徐百輝

摘要


在攝影測量中通常以尤拉角表示外方位參數中的姿態參數,以共線式為物理模式,物點、相機中心、像點在同一直線上。解外方位參數時,需要物空間坐標、像點坐標,將共線式線性化再以最小二乘法迭代解算外方位參數,此方法需要外方位參數的初值,初值不佳容易造成求解失敗。本研究將以四元數及對偶四元數取代以尤拉角表示的旋轉矩陣及平移向量,以解決共線式線性化遇到的問題。 四元數是複數空間的概念,可以直觀的表示三維空間中的向量旋轉,以四元數表示法取代共線式中尤拉角表示的旋轉矩陣在測量領域已有相關的研究。對偶四元數則是以四元數的基礎提出的概念,可同時表達空間中的轉動及移動,本研究將以此性質表示攝影測量中不同坐標系之間的轉換關係。 對偶四元數可以表示三維空間中的旋轉及平移關係,若要解決二維與三維之間關係,結合電腦視覺方法,已知相機內參數,將二維影像坐標轉換到三維相機坐標系坐標,再與對應的物空間坐標,依照對偶四元數解算模式,有三組對應點即可以求得一個表示物空間坐標系及相機空間坐標系關係的對偶四元數,由此轉換所得角度及平移量,因此此解算模式可以作為攝影測量求解外方位參數的模式。

並列摘要


In photogrammetry, the Euler angular are commonly used to describe the attitude parameters for exterior orientation. The basic formula is the collinearity condition equation, which connect the perspective center of camera, the photo point, and the ground point along a straight line. With the given coordinates of ground control points and the measured coordinates of the photo point, the exterior orientation parameters can be determined based on the linearization of the collinearity equation using least squared adjustment. Because of the linearization, the prior estimation of the initial values of the unknown parameters are highly required. In this study, the quaternion and the dual quaternions are used to replace the rotation matrix by Euler anglers and translations to avoid the problem caused by the linearization. Dual quaternion has the ability to represent the rotation and translation simultaneously in three dimensional vector space. In this study, the 2D image coordinates are transformed to 3D camera coordinate system by computer vision techniques, then the 3D object coordinates can by determined by dual quaternion algorithm. Only three control points are needed to calculate the rotation and translation between the camera and object coordinates and then the camera orientation can be determined.

並列關鍵字

quaternion dual-quaternion

參考文獻


黃博彥. (2007). 應用雙四元數同時估測轉動與移動. 台灣大學電機工程研究所.
Daniilidis, K. (1999). Hand-eye calibration using dual quaternions. The International Journal of Robotics Research, 18(3), 286-298.
Funda, J., Taylor, R. H., & Paul, R. P. (1990). On homogeneous transforms, quaternions, and computational efficiency. IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation, 6(3), 382-388.
Harauz, G. (1990). Representation of rotations by unit quaternions. Ultramicroscopy, 33(3), 209-213.
Horn, B. K. (1987). Closed-form solution of absolute orientation using unit quaternions. JOSA A, 4(4), 629-642.

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