P2P網路借貸平台規範之比較研究—以英美中三國為借鑑

近來，P2P網路借貸平台因為鄉民貸的上線而受到關注而變得熱門，金融監督管理委員會（金管會）對於網路借貸平台目前採取的態度是不立專法，由民間自律，於違反現行相關法令的狀況下（如銀行法、證券交易法等）始介入管制。雖然金管會現行定調的方向是不另訂專法，然而網路借貸行業往後逐漸發展，仍可能會轉變為有需要以專法規範或行政管制的狀況，中央銀行亦有建議金管會仍應隨時注意台灣網路借貸行業之發展，檢討是否需訂立專項規範。有鑑於此，本文認為仍有必要了解其他國家對於本行業之規範，並探討何者為較適合台灣之規範，以作為台灣監督網路借貸行業發展的方向。網路借貸平台本身具有多樣的經營模式，亦具備傳統金融業所沒有的優點，透過網路提供較為便捷的服務。然而近來中國大陸網路借貸平台倒閉事件頻傳，顯示出網路借貸平台本身所具有的風險可能帶來的惡果。民眾在使用網路借貸平台時向來會忽視或是未意識到網路借貸平台具有的風險，這些風險應受到重視。本文會將網路借貸平台具有的優點及風險羅列並介紹之。在瞭解網路借貸平台可能具有的各項優點及風險之後，藉由參考英國、美國、中國等前三大網路借貸平台市場國之監理規範，找出較適合台灣之網路借貸行業監理模式，並簡要探討台灣不日前通過之金融科技發展與創新實驗條例對於網路借貸平台能夠如何適用。

關鍵字

P2P ；網路借貸；平台；監理；金融科技；沙盒；金融科技與創新實驗條例

並列摘要

Recently, P2P lending in Taiwan has been popular since the P2P lending venture company “xiangmindai“ was online.The current attitudeof theFinancial Supervisory Commission R.O.C(Taiwan)(FSC) toward the P2P lending is not to establishspecial laws. It is self-disciplined by the people. Unless P2P platformsviolatecurrent relative regulations(such as banking law, security law,and so on), the FSC won’t give any limits to platforms. Although the current supervisory direction of the FSC is not to enact a special law, the P2P lending industry will gradually develope and it may still be transformed into a situation where there is a need for special law or administrative regulation. The Central Bank also recommends that the FSC still should pay attention to the development of the online P2P lending industry in Taiwan and review whether special regulations are required from time to time. Underthis prospection, the point of this thesisis that it is still necessary to understand the regulations of other countries in this industry, and we need to explore what regulation is more suitableto be the direction for Taiwan to monitor the development of the P2P lending industry. There are a variety of business models of the P2P lending,and also a lot of advantages of the P2P lending that the traditional financial industry does not have, providing convenient services through the Internet. However, the recent collapse of P2P lending industry in China has indicated that the risks in the online P2P lending industry. When people use the online P2P lending platform, they always ignore or not to be aware of the risks of the P2P lending platform. These risks should be taken seriously. This thesis will introduce the advantages and risks of the P2P lending industry. After understanding the various advantages and risks that the P2P lending industry may have, we can find out more suitable supervision regulationsof P2P lending industry in Taiwan by referring to the supervision regulations of the top three P2P lending industry market — the United Kingdom, the United States and China. And briefly explore how Financial Technology Innovation and Experiment Act in Taiwan passedlast year can be applied into the P2P lending platforms.