利用固體酸觸媒同時進行酯化與轉酯化反應製造生質柴油之整廠程序設計

Plantwide Design of Biodiesel Production by Simultaneous Esterification and Transesterification over Solid Acid Catalyst

郭子良(Zi-Liang Kuo)

指導教授 ： 黃孝平

國立臺灣大學/工學院/化學工程學研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2009.03003

摘要

本研究探討利用非均勻相固體酸觸媒催化製造生質柴油的程序設計。熱力學模式方面，液相與氣相分別採用UNIQUAC活性係數公式以及Redlich-Kwong狀態方程式加以計算液液以及氣液平衡。動力式方面，由於此製程為非均勻相催化故採用Eley-Rideal模式並加以推導其轉酯化與酯化的反應動力式，而後將實驗數據代入回歸出兩組動力式。利用反應之產物會分成有機與甘油兩相，在反應系統內架設分相槽使產物分離並將富含甲醇的甘油相回流至反應器再利用，期能降低反應物甲醇與油料之莫耳比(FR)。藉由反應器之設計方程式(Design Equations)的計算，確立此設計可以有效降低甲醇與油料之莫耳比(FR)與反應所需之觸媒量。

完成五個不同架構之反應系統討論後，再接續藉由整廠程序的設計與年總成本的計算找出其相對應的最適化設計。結論是具有內部回流反應系統的整廠架構由於其後續回收系統能耗較低，使得其年總成本比傳統架構降低了約12%。並以此架構完成同時進行酯化與轉酯化反應之整廠程序的最適化設計。

關鍵字

固體酸觸媒催化 ； 生質柴油製程 ； 反應器設計 ； 程序設計

並列摘要

Based-on rigorous thermodynamics and kinetics data, this work utilize UNIQUAC-RK activity coefficient equation and Eley-Rideal kinetics model to calculate the thermodynamic equilibrium and reactions rate more precisely.

Verify the possibility of decreasing the molar ratio of methanol to oil (FR) as well as the amount of catalyst needed by designing the reaction system with internal recycle of glycerol phase then. The results show that FR lowers down more than 20% when reaction systems designed properly, and it corresponds to lower amount of catalyst needed as well.

The last section is to compare the conventional and the proposed systems, including the process which allows esterification and transesterification to be carried out simultaneously. The simulation results show that 12% saving of total annual cost (TAC ) by designing the systems with internal recycle of glycerol phase. And the design of simultaneous esterification and transesterification reactions is feasible. Moreover, with cheaper resource of oil utilized, the minimum TAC is expected.

並列關鍵字

Heterogeneous biodiesel production ； Reactor design ； Process design

參考文獻

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