從二十一世紀議程看台灣的毒管政策應走之方向

Proposed Amendment of Policy of Toxic Substance Control in Taiwan

王榮德(Jung-Der Wang) ； 黃耀輝(Yaw-Huei Hwang)

《中華公共衛生雜誌》 16卷3期 (1997/06) Pp. 258-272

https://doi.org/10.6288/CJPH1997-16-03-07

摘要

毒性物質如果未受到適當的管制而流佈於環境中，經環境蓄積、生物濃縮、生物轉化等方式後，會導致污染環境，並危害人體健康。目前，國內使用及製造之毒性物質甚多，因而有關毒性物質管理工作是現今環境保護的重點工作之一。以下即是針對毒性化學物質管理政策與執行所做的具體建議，以期符合二十一世紀議程的要求：
1．積極加強毒化物管理人才之培育，傳播相關資訊給一般大眾及勞工，編訂毒化物管理人才訓練課程與敎材，做出系列毒管錄影帶，以敎育一般大眾及勞工。
2．積極推動新的「毒性化學物質管理法」在立法院修法通過，檢討此法與其他相關法規間之配合與衝突性。
3．推動毒化物清冊與毒化物資訊中心之建立，建立毒管績效相關指標，以長期評估執法之成效。
4．協調統一化學物之分類及標示：定期舉辦協調會，責成各相關部會取得國際最新資料，訂定統一之標示及分類法與分類碼。
5．在產業界進行、並提昇風險評估與降低風險之相關技術。
6．建立促進產業推動污染預防與降低風險之經濟誘因制度，政府負責部門應慎重採取的方法包括：保證金制度、課徵產品費、正面的無形誘因、環境風險保險制度，以及生產者責任制、毒物釋放量逐年減少、告知民眾、危害預防及應變計劃與演練等。

關鍵字

毒性物質 ； 管理政策 ； 二十一世紀議程

並列摘要

Toxic substances which are under not adequately controlled would be widely distributed and then, through accumulation, biological concentration and transformation, resulted in causing environmental pollution and adverse health effects on human being. Currently, a wide variety of toxic substances are used and manufactured in Taiwan, and, therefore, regulation and management of these materials have become one of the most important issues on environmental protection. Recommendations are made to enhance the policy and implementation plan of toxic substances control and meet the requirement of Agenda 21. (1) Reinforce the training of management personnel for toxic substances control, and disseminate pertinent information to the public and workers. Edit curriculum and education material for the training of toxic substances control personnel, and produce video series of toxic substance control programs to educate the general public and workers. (2) Propel the Legislative Yuan to pass the revised 'Toxic Substance Control Act', and scrutinize the compliance and conflict between this act and other relevant regulations. (3) Establish substances registry and information center. Develop performance indicators for toxic substance control to evaluate the long term effectiveness of enforcement. (4) Harmonize the classification and labeling of chemicals: Hold regular coordination meetings among related ministries to collect most updated internationally information, and harmonize the labeling, classification and codes. (5) Promote and execute risk assessment and risk reduction technology among industries. (6) Establish economic incentives for industries to prevent pollution and reduce risk. Actions including performance bond, product fee, positive invisible incentive, environmental risk insurance, producer responsibility, reduction of toxic substance release, community right to know, risk prevention, and contingency plan & practice should be seriously taken by the responsible governmental agency laterly.

並列關鍵字

toxic substance ； control policy ； agenda 21