• 期刊

Injected Haloperidol-Induced Motor Deficits are Potentiated in Rats Drinking Green Tea as a Sole Source of Water: Relationship with Dopamine Metabolism in the Caudate

The antipsychotic drug ”haloperidol” (HAL) has been widely used for the treatment of a range of neuropsychiatric disorders. However treatment also induces extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) including short term parkinsonism and late complication tardive dyskinesia (TD). These idiopathic symptoms are associated with serious limitations in this therapy. Some studies have suggested that oxidative stress induced during the metabolism of HAL is involved in the elicitation of EPS. We speculated if green tea may prevent HAL-induced EPS because of its antioxidant properties. In the present study, the efficacy of green tea extract (GTE) given as a sole source of water on HAL-induced EPS male albino wistar rats was examined. We found that HAL-induced motor deficits and elicitation of TD were more severe in GTE than water dinking animals. HAL-induced dopamine level was increased and its metabolites concentrations were higher in the nucleus accumbens and lower (p ＜ 0.01) in the caudate of GTE-drinking than water-drinking animals. Increased ratios of homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC)/dopamine in the caudate may be involved in the precipitation of HAL-elicited EPS while drinking GTE. Conversely GTE increased the level of dopamine moreover raised its metabolites in the nucleus accumbens may relapsed the schizophrenic symptoms while on the treatment HAL. We thus suggest that patients on HAL therapy should avoid green tea.

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Antitumor Cell Proliferation and Antigenotoxic Effects of Sufu and Koji Granule, the Chinese Traditional Fermented Product of Soybeans

豆腐乳為類似乾酪之中國傳統黃豆發酵產品。在本研究中將鹽漬豆腐塊置於以Aspergillus oryzae發酵之米－黃豆麴醪中於37°C下熟成16天而製得豆腐乳。進而測試不同熟成時間所收集未發酵豆腐塊，麴粒及豆腐乳甲醇萃出物抗Caco-2及HT-29之增生效果以及抑制4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide（4-NQO）對Intestine-470 cells基因毒性之活性。大致而言，豆腐塊，豆腐乳與麴粒對癌細胞之抗增生活性呈現劑量相關性。然而，熟成豆腐乳及麴粒萃出物均呈現較高之抗增生活性。此外，抗癌細胞增生之活性隨熟成期間增加而上昇。未熟成之豆腐塊及豆麴萃取物未顯示抑制4-NQO誘導Intestine-470 cells之基因毒性，但熟成豆腐乳及麴粒之萃出物則具有抑制4-NQO基因毒性之活性。此抗基因毒性之活性隨熟成期間之延長而增加。

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Identification of Species in Commercial Frozen Shrimp Meat in Taiwan

本研究收集台灣市售冷凍蝦仁樣品鑑定其物種。首先，採集10種普遍市售蝦各約20個新鮮樣品，以形態學方法鑑定。採用引子對UCYTB151F/270R進行細胞色素b基因的聚合酶鏈反應（PCR），增幅出蝦樣品中401至407 bp的片段。比較基因定序，和使用Alu I、Ssp I和Hae III限制酶作用所產生的PCR-限制性片段長度多型性（RFLP），可以成功鑑定10種蝦。應用此PCR-RFLP方法於10種市售冷凍蝦肉之種類鑑定，顯示具有實用性。

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Differential Effects of Processing Methods on Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Three Species of Solanum

The present study evaluated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of raw and processed fruit extracts from Solanum torvum, S. xanthocarpum and S. violaceum and assessed the relationship with their total phenolic content. Total phenolic and tannin contents of raw and processed fruit sample extracts ranged from 5.0-7.6 g/100g and 4.5-7.0 g/100g, respectively. As compared to raw samples, processed samples had significant decrease in total phenolic and tannin content, FRAP, linoleic acid emulsion system, antihaemolytic and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity. However, processing the samples caused significant (p＜0.05) increases in DPPH^‧, ABTS^‧+, ‧OH radical scavenging capacities, metal chelating ability and phosphomolybdenum assay. After processing, the total antioxidant activity increased or remained unchanged depending on the type of samples. All the fruit samples showed optimal antimicrobial activity against Gram negative bacteria. Interestingly, the extracts from raw and processed S. torvum showed no inhibitory effect on the growth of E. coli.

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Integration of Independent Component Analysis with Near Infrared Spectroscopy for Rapid Quantification of Sugar Content in Wax Jambu (Syzygium samarangense Merrill & Perry)

本研究結合獨立成分分析法與近紅外光光譜於蓮霧（Syzygium samarangense Merrill & Perry）糖度之快速定量分析，結合JADE演算法、線性迴歸及光譜前處理方法，分別對蓮霧與蔗糖溶液之近紅外光光譜進行分析。相較於其他多變量分析方法，獨立成分分析法可提供更完整之蓮霧糖度資訊，其最佳光譜檢量模式使用一次微分光譜搭配正規化處理，光譜範圍為600至700 nm與900至1098 nm，獨立成分數目為9，rc = 0.988，SEC = 0.243°Brix，rv = 0.971，SEV = 0.381°Brix，RPD = 4.15。獨立成分分析法於蓮霧與蔗糖溶液之分析結果皆較PLSR為佳，顯示獨立成分分析法可快速準確地擷取蓮霧光譜中之糖度資訊，並建立具高預測能力之光譜檢量模式，更有效地定量蓮霧糖度。

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Thin-Layer Chromatographic Separation and Validated HPTLC Method for Quantification of Ursolic Acid in Various Ocimum Species

本研究開發並驗證改良之薄層層析法（TLC），檢測羅勒（Ocimum）植株各部位的熊果酸含量。使高效TLC預制板達到最佳分離效果的移動相組成為甲苯：丙酮：甲酸（7.8 : 2.2 : 0.15, v/v/v）。含量和光密度的檢測，需在預制板與甲醇- 硫酸試劑於540 nm反射/吸收等衍生作用之後進行，偵測極限與定量極限分別為20與35 ng/spot。熊果酸濃度在40-440 ng/spot時呈線性，r^2 = 0.9995，顯示波峰與濃度具高關聯性。回收率98.36-100.06%，表示方法準確性高。本方法之精準、再現及正確性均已依ICH準則確效。本方法簡單、快速、準確且敏感，可有效的將羅勒中之熊果酸與其他成分分離，並且測定其含量，研究結果顯示，羅勒莖部熊果酸含量最高。

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Simultaneous Determination of Sesquiterpene Lactones in Ixeris chinensis by HPLC

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the simultaneous determination of six sesquiterpene lactones: 3β-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-8β-hydroxy-4(15),10(14)11(13)-guaiatrien-12,6-olide (AR1) 3β-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-4(15),10(14)11(13)-guaiatrien-12,6-olide (AR2), 3β-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-8β-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetoxy-4(15),10(14)11(13)-guaiatrien-12,6-olide (AR3), 3β-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-8β-(2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoyloxy)acetoxy-4(15),10(14)11(13)-guaiatrien-12,6-olide (AR4), 3β-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-4(15),10(14)11(13)-guaiatrien-12,6-olide (AR5), and 3β-hydroxy-4(15),10(14)11(13)- guaiatrien-12,6-olide (AR6) in the whole plant of Ixeris chinensis. The separation by gradient elution was performed on Hypersil ODS-2 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) at 30°C with acetonitrile and water as the mobile phase, and monitored by absorbance at 238 nm. The parameters of linearity, precision, accuracy, and specificity of the method were evaluated. The recovery of the method is 95.85-98.19%, and linearity (r ＞ 0.9993) was obtained for all sesquiterpene lactones. A high degree of specificity as well as repeatability and reproducibility (relative standard deviation values less than 2.0%) were also achieved. This assay was successfully applied to the determination of six sesquiterpene lactones in ten samples. The results indicated that the developed assay method was rapid, accurate, reliable and could be readily utilized as a quantitative analysis method for I. chinensis.

• 期刊

Value of FINS Depends on Choice of DNA Locus as Shown in Baihuasheshecao

Forensically informative nucleotide sequencing (FINS) is a molecular approach to identify biological materials based on DNA sequences. It focuses on the clustering of samples with reference species through an analysis of the phylogenetic relationship among the species. The choice of loci is critical to the successful use of FINS for identification. In this study, we investigated the influence of six loci (ITS, matK, rbcL, rps16, trnH-psbA and trnL-trnF) on the application of FINS for the identification of traditional Chinese medicine as demonstrated in Baihuasheshecao, a traditional anti-tumor herb derived from Hedyotis diffusa willd. A total of 36 plant samples of Hedyotis species and eight samples of Baihuasheshecao commodities were collected from Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, mainland China and the USA. Internal transcribed spacers (ITS) sequences displayed the highest rate of formation of single species cluster (89%), followed by rps16 (78%), matK (74%), trnL-trnF (72%), trnH-psbA (67%) and rbcL (61%). All the loci could discriminate H. diffusa from the common substitute species H. corymbosa, H. pinifolia and H. tenelliflora. FINS identification based on ITS, trnH-psbA and trnL-trnF revealed that five Baihuasheshecao commodities were genuine herb derived from H. diffusa, while the other three commodities were substitutes derived from H. corymbosa. MatK, rbcL and rps16 could not be amplified from all commodity samples and were thus inapplicable for FINS identification of dried the samples. In conclusion, the success of FINS identification depends on the DNA loci as they show different abilities to differentiate genuine species from substitutes, to discriminate closely related species and to generate quality sequences. In this study, the eligibility of DNA locus for FINS identification of Baihuasheshecao commodities, in descending order, is ITS ＞ trnL-trnF ＞ trnH-psbA ＞ rps16 ＞ matK ＞ rbcL.

• 期刊

Identification of Scutellaria Baicalensis in Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations by LC/MS/MS Fingerprinting Method

以液相層析串聯質譜儀的方法建立黃芩藥材之指紋圖譜。自台灣市場和原產地收集52個黃芩藥材，再以70%甲醇萃取，高效液相層析條件為C18分析管柱（150 mm × 4.6 mm, 2.7 μm），移動相為乙腈及0.25%甲酸混合溶液以流速0.5 mL /min 梯度沖提。MS/MS分析係以負離子模式進行全質量掃描，各個層析峰的紫外線和質譜數據透過標準品以及比對過去的文獻後共鑑定出16個成分。本方法除了可確認黃芩藥材之正確基原外，並可鑑別市售製劑辛夷清肺湯、龍膽瀉肝湯及黃連解毒湯中黃芩藥材。

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Preparation of Nano/Submicron Ganoderma Tsugae and Its Stability

本研究利用介質研磨技術，製備奈米/次微米等級之松杉靈芝（Ganoderma tsugue）子實體顆粒懸浮液，並探討其穩定性及活性物質含量。松杉靈芝子實體經高速均質處理，再以0.8、0.3及0.2 mm之研磨介質分別研磨60分鐘，最後利用離心（10,000 g, 10 min）去除大顆粒，可得奈米/次微米子實體上清液（supernatant）。以雷射粒徑分析儀分析粒徑分佈，並以穿透式電子顯微鏡驗證粒徑檢測結果。移除懸浮液中之大顆粒，可提高其穩定性﹔於25°C下貯存21天後，supernatant III之體積平均粒徑只由0.105至0.137 μm。Supernatant III 經冷凍乾燥後，顆粒會聚集而形成大顆粒，其體積平均粒徑大於1 μm，並只有近20%的顆粒小於100 nm﹔高溫高壓滅菌處理對於supernatant III之穩定性並無嚴重影響，於25°C下貯存12個月後，仍有約40%的顆粒小於100 nm（平均粒徑為373 nm）。介質研磨的產物中之β-(1,3)-D-glucans、粗三萜類、總膳食纖維及幾丁質等活性成分含量均高於熱水萃出物。