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曲棍球運動員體型差異分析比較

The purpose of this paper was to understand the distinct somatotypic characteristics of hockey players holding different positions. We had 47 test respondents; 23 were Taipei Physical Education College students majoring in hockey and 24 were players of the Taoyuan County Hockey Team, champion hockey team of the Taiwan Sports Association. Test results were placed under statistical analysis and discussion; findings showed: (A) A significant difference (P＜.05) was noted in the height and weight of forward and fullback players and the goalie; however no significant difference (P＞.05) was noted between the forward and fullback. The study findings showed that forward is shorter in height and lighter in weight compared to other position players, and this finding reconciles with findings made by other researchers. (B) In terms of height and weight, no significant difference (P＞.05) was noted between the Taipei Physical Education College and Taoyuan County Hockey Team players. In view of this statistical findings, we believe that if the two teams would meet on the field in the future, no team will enjoy any physical advantage, hence they need to enhance the stamina, skills and tactical performance of their players. Findings of the paper are aimed to provide coaches a reference for future player, position and lineup selection.

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曲棍球運動測驗編製應用探討

本研究目的在研擬及應用於曲棍球運動技能的代表性測驗方法之適用性，受試者係以全國四十七名國手級優秀曲棍球球員為測驗對象，根據筆者針對曲棍球運動技能測驗方法的研究成果，進行9項曲棍球運動員所需求的運動能力與技能訓練，所得資料經統計分析處理及討論，結果發現：一、本研究成果選出60m徒手跑；運球折返跑；運球S形曲線跑；罰球；接球；推球；傳球；運球射門及運球射門等測驗方法為曲棍球運動技能測驗的代表性方法。二、本研究提出九項曲棍球運動技能代表性測驗方法的簡易線性與多元評量方程式，可應用於招生入學曲棍球術科測驗辦法或平常專項運動員經過階段訓練後的客觀的加權，以利選出適用的運動員。三、本研究篩選出的曲棍球運動技能之代表性側驗方法，可提供教練日後在選材、訓練、評估之參考依據。

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肌肉疲勞對事件關聯電位及反應時間的影響

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汪元量〈鶯啼序˙重過金陵〉一詞探析

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青春前後期游泳選手對胰島素敏感度、葡萄糖耐受度及血脂變化之研究

Insulin resistance and glucose intolerance typically associated with physical inactivity and obesity in older individuals. In this study, seventeen adolescent swimmers were divided into two groups: pre-pubertal state (PRE) and post-pubertal state (POST) according to the development of secondary sexual characteristics. Significantly lower fasting blood growth hormone and higher triiodothyronine concentration were observed in the subjects in POST group than PRE group. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was utilized to determine the capability of in vivo glucose clearance in these adolescent swimmers. The blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were measured before (fasting or 0 min) and after (30 min, 50 min, and 80 min) a 75-gram of glucose ingestion. The subjects in POST group displayed a higher glucose concentration than PRE group at 30 min after the glucose challenge (75±5.53 vs. 62±1.63 mg/dl, p＜0.05). The insulin concentration between two groups in all time points was not significantly different. These results indicate that the subjects in the PRE group, even with less fat-free mass, displayed a significantly better insulin sensitivity for the whole-body glucose uptake than the POST group. Total blood cholesterol level of the subjects was significantly higher in the POST group than the PRE group. These results suggest that the spontaneous reduction in the whole-body insulin sensitivity for glucose disposal is occurred during the adolescent growth spurt. The higher plasma total cholesterol concentration seems to be associated with this change. It is known that skeletal muscle is the major site for the in vivo insulin-sensitive glucose disposal. Additionally, fast twitch is more insulin resistant than the slow twitch. We suggest that the muscle fiber type transformation induced by the endocrinological changes during the adolescence growth spurt may affect the in vivo insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance.

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馬拉松賽對淋巴細胞自發性死亡以及脂質過氧化的影響

Several Studies have indicated that have indicated that an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be associated with endurance running. And other specialists have proposed that increasing free radical activities may cause a number of human diseases and aging. Strenuous exercise predisposes the untrained individual to increase free radical damages. Long distance running, due to the large amounts of oxygen uptake they cause, may lead to the generation of ROS, and oxidative stresses and damages that include aopotosis. High intensity endurance running inducing immune suppression is well documented. Recent studies have demonstrated exhaustive exercise and high intensity exercise induced DNA damage in leukocytes and lymphocytes apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a 42.2 KM marathon run (MR) on apoptosis of lymphocytes in blood. Twelve subjects (age = 34.4 ± 12.5 yrs, ht = 166.4 ± 4.8 cm, wt = 62.0 ± 4.1 Kg, train 102.km per week for 7.6 yrs on average) competed in the 1998 Taipei International Marathon Championship. Venous blood samples were taken before, and at 30 mins and 24 hrs after the race. Lymphocytes were prepared for flow cytometry to determine apoptosis. It is using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method to analysis apoptosis. Whole blood lymphocytes were also determined. The results indicated that lymphocyte apoptosis rose significantly (p ＜. 05) at 30 mins (32.9 %), 24 hrs (25.0%) and 72 hrs (8.7%) after MR, as compared with the pre-race levels (1.39%). Lymphocytes cell count significantly decreased (p ＜. 05) at 30 mins (1395 cells/mm^3) after MR as compared to the pre-race levels (2183 cells/mm^3). It is concluded that MR induced apoptosis specific for lymphocytes may in part account for MR induced lymphocytopenia and reduced immunity.

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國小高年級女生棒球教學成果探討

本研究的目的，旨在比較國小高年女生，在棒球教學前、後擲準能力的學習成效。以三十名女生為受測對象，分為實驗組及控制組兩組，每組各為十五人。實驗組及控制組兩組，在進行教學之前，先進行前測，把兩組測驗結果，以t考驗進行同質性檢定，接著實驗組進行教學，控制組不進行教學，教學之，隔週兩組進行後測，比較棒球擲準是否有顯著差異。實驗組以國立編譯館體育教學指引第四冊簡易棒（壘）球為教學課程，每節四十分鐘，共兩百分鐘，共計五節課。以Johnson＆Nelson壘球及棒球技術的測量為藍本實施前測及後測。（參考自彭鈺人.體育測量與測驗）以t考驗為統計法，進行學習效果的探討。在本研究範圍內，經分析結果顯示，國小五年級女生在棒球擲準能力，按照國立編譯館的教學課程標準，進行教學，結果發現，有顯著的差異（p＜.05）。

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理情行為治療法在運動心理諮商之應用

在眾多的諮商理論中，理情行為治療法強調主動與指導性的教誨，是廣泛被應用於運動員心理諮商的一個作法。在心理治療界，已有非常多的文獻支持它的療效，在運動心理諮商實務經驗中也有許多應證的實例，基於此理論的實用價值，乃以專文作淺顯之介紹，藉以進一步的推展，包括：理情行為治療法的發展、理論概念、與其實務上之運用。

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新型網球對球拍碰撞之動力學分析

本研究是探討新型網球對球拍碰撞之動力學分析，研究分為兩大部分：第一部份是瞭解新型網球與標準網球碰撞球拍之彈性恢復係數的差異。第二部份是瞭解新型網球與標準網球碰撞球拍之振動響應的差異。本研究是應用碰撞實驗法，採用一隻Wilson Hammer3.0大拍面之網球拍作為實驗工具，第一部份將拍柄及拍頭鉗鋏固定於平檯，以數位錄影機，蒐集兩種不同的網球自一公尺的高度以自由落體之方式落於拍面後之反彈高度，進行新型網球對球拍碰撞之彈性恢復係數之研究。後項振動響應實驗，是應用同一支球拍，將拍柄鉗鋏固定於測力板上，將測力板之接線連接於電荷放大器及Kistler類比數位轉換卡，依相同方式蒐集資料，進行新型網球對球拍碰撞之振動響應之研究。本研究獲如下之結果（一）新型網球在碰撞球拍後，產生之反彈恢復係數不如目前所使用之標準網球。（二）在振動響應方面，新型網球卻有著較正面之效應，其碰撞球拍後所造成的衝量較標準網球為低。

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運動員應具備的營養觀念

運動科學越來越為教練與選手所重視，而運動營養是一門可直接發揮效果的科學，本文簡介教練選手應有的營養觀念，並提供國家訓練中心有關選手營養問題的實務經驗，除了幫助選手在平時營養上的自我管理，同時可作為教練擬訂訓練計劃的參考依據。