結合低強度阻力訓練與加壓訓練對肌肉適能的效益及生理機制之探討

The Benefits and Physiological Mechanisms of Low Intensity Resistance Training Combined with Occlusion Training on Muscle Fitness

童亢(Kang Tung) ； 林信甫(Hsin-Fu Lin) ； 王鶴森(Ho-Seng Wang)

《運動生理暨體能學報》 17輯 (2013/12) Pp. 1-16

https://doi.org/10.6127/JEPF.2013.17.01

摘要

研究背景：加壓訓練係用充氣式脈壓帶加壓於運動肢段近端以局部限制血流進行訓練。目前研究證實短期低強度阻力訓練（20－50% 1 RM）配合加壓訓練可以促進肌肉肥大及增加肌力，效果與高強度阻力訓練類似。目的：探討阻力訓練結合加壓訓練促進肌肉肥大及增加肌力的可能機制。結語：加壓訓練促進肌肉肥大及肌力可能的途徑，包括：一、缺氧狀態下額外招募快縮肌纖維；二、肌肉內代謝壓力上升刺激生長激素的釋放；三、肌肉內蛋白質合成路徑的活性增加；四、熱衰竭蛋白與神經性一氧化氮合成酶^(-1)活性增加；五、肌肉生長抑制素濃度降低等。除了反覆次數、組數、休息時間與訓練頻率外，不同加壓壓力會對生理反應產生不一樣的變化。未來可朝理想的加壓壓力與持續時間等不同組合，以及潛在的生理機制進行深入的探討。

關鍵字

局部缺血 ； 代謝壓力 ； 生長激素

並列摘要

Background: Occlusion training partially arrests blood-flow to the exercising limb by using a pneumatic tourniquet. At present, many studies showed that the short-term low-intensity resistance training (20-50% 1 RM) combined with occlusion training (LROT) induced muscle hypertrophy and increased strength to the extent equivalent to high-intensity resistance training. Purpose: To review the possible mechanisms for LROT to increase muscle hypertrophy and strength. Summary: There are several possible pathways, including (1) additional recruitment of type II fibers in a hypoxic condition; (2) the increase in intramuscular metabolic stress substances stimulating growth hormone release; (3) activation of intramuscular protein synthesis pathway; (4) heat shock proteins upregulation and increase in Nitric oxide synthase^(-1) activity, and (5) decrease of Myostatin. In addition to repetitions, sets, rest periods and frequency of training, different occlusion pressure and duration would elicit different physiological responses. Future studies are needed to explore potential mechanisms and to determine optimal combination of occlusion pressure and duration of LROT for muscle fitness.

並列關鍵字

ischemia ； metabolic stress ； growth hormone

參考文獻

Abd Elfattah, A. E. E.,Salem, H. H.(2011).Effect of occlusion swimming training on physiological biomarkers and swimming performance.World Journal of Sport Sciences.4(1),70-75.

Abe, T.,Beekley, M. D.,Hinata, S.,Koizumi, K.,Sato, Y.(2005).Day-to-day change in muscle strength and MRI-measured skeletal muscle size during 7 days KAATSU resistance training: A case study.International Journal of KAATSU Training Research.1(2),71-76.

Abe, T.,Fujita, S.,Nakajima, T.,Sakamaki, M.,Ozaki, H.,Ogasawara, R.(2010).Effects of low-intensity cycle training with restricted leg blood flow on thigh muscle volume and [難字,請見原文] in young men.Journal of Sports Science and Medicine.9(3),452-458.

Abe, T.,Kearns, C. F.,Sato, Y.(2006).Muscle size and strength are increased following walk training with restricted venous blood flow from the leg muscle, Kaatsu-walk training.Journal of Applied Physiology.100(5),1460-1466.

Abe, T.,Yasuda, T.,Midorikawa, T.,Sato, Y.,Kearns, C. F.,Inoue, K.(2005).Skeletal muscle size and circulating IGF-1 are increased after two weeks of twice daily "KAATSU" resistance training.International Journal of KAATSU Training Research.1(1),6-12.