Twenty-three specimens of the armored searobin family Peristediidae were collected by bottom trawl from Dongsha Atoll in the South China Sea. They were identified as Heminodus philippinus Smith, 1917, Paraheminodus murrayi (Günther, 1880), Peristedion riversandersoni Alcock, 1894, and Scalicus orientalis (Fowler, 1938). Of them, H. philippinus and P. murrayi are new records from the South China Sea, meaning that 17 peristediid species have now been identified in Taiwanese waters.