化學改質處理對木材耐腐朽性之改善效果

Improvement of Decay Resistance of Wood by Chemical Modification

古喬云(Chiao-Yun Ku) ； 張惠婷(Hui-Ting Chang) ； 張上鎮(Shang-Tzen Chang)

《國立臺灣大學生物資源暨農學院實驗林研究報告》 20卷2期 (2006/06) Pp. 77-85

https://doi.org/10.6542/EFNTU.200606_20(2).0001

摘要

為了改善木材易受真菌腐朽之缺點，本試驗將杉木以乙二醛、甲基丙烯酸環氧丙酯、環氧丁烷、丁二酸酐、鄰苯二甲酸酐、丁酸酐與醋酸酐進行化學改質處理，同時以耐腐朽性試驗評估改質木材的耐腐朽性，並利用傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜分析試材經腐朽後的化學結構變化。由耐腐朽性試驗的結果得知，化學改質木材的重量損失率均小於未處理木材，其中又以甲基丙烯酸環氧丙酯、環氧丁烷、醋酸酐、丁酸酐與鄰苯二甲酸酐等處理的改善效果較好，可使木材因真菌腐朽所引起的重量損失降至5%以下。由傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜的分析顯示，未處理杉木經Laetiporus sulphureus褐腐菌腐朽後，全纖維素在木材組成分中的含量降低。至於化學改質木材腐朽後的紅外線光譜吸收變化較少或無明顯變化，表示化學改質處理可以抑制真菌對木材結構的破壞。綜合試驗結果顯示，以適當的化學改質處理可以提高木材的耐腐朽性，延長木製品的使用年限，同時擴展木材的利用領域。

關鍵字

木材 ； 真菌 ； 耐腐朽性 ； 化學改質 ； 化學結構

並列摘要

Decay resistances of China fir wood, by glyoxal, glycidyl methacrylate, butylene oxide, succinic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, acetic anhydride, and butyric anhydride treatments, were examined in this study. In addition, the variations in the chemical structures of decayed wood were also evaluated by the infrared spectroscopy. Among the chemical modification treatments tested, the weight loss percentages of wood treated with glycidyl methacrylate, phthalic anhydride, acetic anhydride, and butyric anhydride, respectively, were greatly reduced (＜5%) after the decay tests. The absorption intensity of β-D-glucosidic linkage of untreated wood decreased after the decay test with brown-rot fungus L. sulphureus, indicating that the content of holocellulose of brown-rot decayed wood decreased. The changes in chemical structures of chemically modified wood after the decay tests were less than that of untreated wood. These results clearly demonstrated that the proper chemical modifications improved the decay resistance of wood, facilitating the utilization of wood and pro-longing the life of wood products.

並列關鍵字

Wood ； Fungi ； Decay resistance ； Chemical modification ； Chemical structure