生物炭施用於森林土壤之效應

EFFECT OF APPLYING BIOCHAR ON FOREST SOIL

林孟穎(Meng-Ying Lin) ； 陳財輝(Tsai-Huei Chen)

《中華林學季刊》 50卷4期 (2017/12) Pp. 309-323

摘要

法國2015年在巴黎舉行之第21屆締約國大會提出的「千分之四倡議」(4 per 1000Initiative)，就是將農林畜牧業的土壤視為解決溫室效應的關鍵，提倡每年若能增加表層土壤中千分之四的碳蓄積量，就可有效減緩大氣中二氧化碳的濃度。近年來備受關注的生物炭議題，即是將農林畜產業的有機廢棄物經熱裂解之後的固體產物，循環再利用回農林業之土壤中，成為土壤的改良劑，提升土壤的pH值、保水能力及微生物含量等進而促進植物生長量，以提升生態系碳吸存能力，且因生物炭本身為多環芳香結構的有機物，在土壤中能長期穩定的留存，達到碳封存的效果。然而，生物炭施用於土壤之後效果的研究大部分是在農業領域，較少探討應用於林地後，對土壤性質和林木生長的效應。本報告回顧近年來研究添加生物炭於林地土壤後，對土壤性質、林木生長及碳循環的影響之相關文獻。建議臺灣林業研究單位可繼續增加生物炭施用於林業的研究廣度、探討生物炭對於土壤微生物礦化作用及溫室氣體排放的影響，建立亞熱帶區域生物炭應用於林地的基礎研究資料。

關鍵字

生物炭 ； 森林土壤 ； 溫室氣體 ； 林木生長 ； 土壤微生物

並列摘要

The '4 per 1000 Initiative' was promoted in the 21st Conference of Parties which was held in Paris in 2015 that regarded soil of agriculture, forestry, and animal industry as a key to mitigate the greenhouse effect. A 4 ‰ annual increase of carbon stock in soil surface would possible alleviate the concentration of carbon dioxide in atmosphere. Recently, the biochar issue is well-known the solid product through pyrolysis of organic waste from agriculture, forestry, and animal industry. Recycling and reusing the biochar to agricultural and forest land as the soil amendment to increase the soil pH, water-holding capacity and microbial responses to advance the productivity and strengthen the carbon sequestration of ecosystem. Biochar have aromatic structures and are expected to be more recalcitrant in soil to satisfy the aim of carbon storage. To date, most researches on effects of biochar addition in soil are in agriculture land, and few studies were applied to forest land. This review study suggests that forest research institutes in Taiwan can broaden the researches of applying biochar to forestry to examine the impacts on mineralization of soil microorganisms, greenhouses gases emissions and to create the exclusive database of biochar application in forest land of subtropical area.

並列關鍵字

Biochar ； Forest soil ； Greenhouse gases ； Growth response ； Soil microorganisms