臺灣農業發展與農業結構變遷之研究

A Study on Changes of Agricultural Structure and Agricultural Development in Taiwan

施孟隆(Meng-Long Shih) ； 黃炳文(Bing-Wen Huang)

《中華農學會報》 7卷4期 (2006/08) Pp. 324-342

https://doi.org/10.6730/JAAC.200608_7(4).0002

摘要

本研究目的主要探討臺灣農業結構與農業發展階段貢獻之變遷，本研究發現歸納如下：一、農業生產結構方面：農作物在農業部門的重要性降低，漁業與畜牧業之比率成遞增之趨勢，但農作物乃是農業之重心。二、農地結構方面：臺灣耕地面積規模頗為狹小，且耕地利用度有出粗放之趨勢；農地結構因水田與旱田耕地面積之消長，顯示農地結構日趨惡化之趨勢；耕地面積有減少之趨勢。三、農業勞動結構方面：農業戶數的結構趨向於兼業化；農業勞動有老年化的趨勢。四、農業發展階段貢獻變遷方面：從充裕軍糧民食階段(1945~1952)至農業培養工業階段(1953~1968)應屬農業絕對貢獻；而農工並重階段(1969~1981)應屬農業相對貢獻；從革新調整階段(1982~1991)、邁向三生階段(1992~2002)至邁入國際化階段（2003~迄今）應屬農業回饋貢獻。

關鍵字

農業發展 ； 農業結構變遷

並列摘要

The purpose of this paper is to explore the changes of agricultural structure and its contributions to macroeconomics among different stages of agricultural development in Taiwan. The main findings are: (1) the importance of crop production in agricultural sector decreased. The proportion of the fishery and livestock production increased. However, crop production was still the main part of agriculture. (2) The scale of cultivated land per farm family was still small and its multiple cropping index gradually decreased. The total area of farmland decreased. The area of paddy fields decreased, but upland fields increased. It showed land structure was getting worse. (3) The structure of agricultural labor has aged is typified by part-time farming. (4) There have been different agricultural sector contributions, through different agricultural development stages. First from the stage of abundant grain for the army and people (1945-1952), through to the stage of agriculture incubate industry (1958-1952). Of equal importance and relevance is the stage of agricultural sector and nonagricultural sector (1969-1981). The stage of renovation and adjustment (1982-1991), the stage of life, production and ecology (1992-2002), and the stage of internationalization (2003-present) got feedback from industry.

並列關鍵字

Agricultural Development ； Changes of Agricultural structure