從佛教典籍試析哲學諮商的關懷模式

An Attempted Analysis of Philosophical Counseling's Caring Model—from Buddhist Scriptures's Respects

許鶴齡(Ho-Ling Hsu)

《哲學與文化》 43卷7期 (2016/07) Pp. 135-153

摘要

哲學諮商在諮商進行過程中，乃涉及哲學諮商師與來談者之關係，以及哲學諮商師如何在對話過程中透過一些步驟與方法，協助來談者解開思想的結與困境，其中又與會談的雙方，即哲學諮商師的立場態度，還有來談者的意向態度與行動有關。包括哲學諮商師的專業倫理議題，及在諮商過程中所使用的各式各樣的方法，兩者的關係是師生、夥伴、教學、互為主體性，亦或是以案主為中心，其中能否尊重案主的自主性與尊嚴，都是需要進行反思的。西方學者所提的哲學諮商方法都能在實際諮商演練過程中，予以借鑑操作。然仍有文化隔層的問題。因此，在臺灣進行哲學諮商的方法，需朝本土化建構與發展，貼近適用於民族性的文化思維。本文希望能從佛教典籍中，由哲學諮商關係的傾聽、尊重、同理與平等為生命關懷取向，試圖建構回應目前當代學者所提的哲學諮商方法，進而開發本土化的佛教哲學諮商模式。除前言與結論，共分為四個部分予以討論，一是哲學諮商師與來談者—關懷關係；二是哲學諮商師與來談者—關懷過程；三是哲學諮商師與來談者—關係品質；四是哲學諮商師與來談者互為主體的關懷倫理。

關鍵字

哲學諮商 ； 關懷倫理 ； 四賓主 ； 相互的主體性

並列摘要

Philosophical Counseling involves the relationship between philosophical counselors and clients, as well as how philosophical counselors assist clients to untangle their dogmatic ties and problems through certain steps and methods in the process of the dialogue. Moreover, it involves perspectives and attitude of the philosophical counselors as well as intention and actions of the clients. Professional ethical issues of the philosophical counselors, various approaches adopted in the process of counseling, whether the interaction of both parties is intersubjective or client-centered, and whether autonomy and selfesteem of the clients can be respected, are all necessary to be re-examined. Although Philosophical Counseling procedures proposed by the western scholars can be imitated, yet there are still differences between cultures. Hence, when Philosophical Counseling procedures are going to be practiced in Taiwan, localization should be performed in order to accommodate its characteristics. This article aims to respond the Philosophical Counseling approaches proposed by contemporary scholars by ways of listening, respect, empathy and equality of Philosophical Counseling relationship as the life care approach, focusing on the Buddhist texts. Moreover, the local Buddhist Philosophical Counseling model can be built. In addition to the introduction and the conclusion, this articles is divided into four parts. First, the caring relationship between philosophical counselors and clients. Second, the caring process of philosophical counselors and clients. Third, the quality of the relationship between philosophical counselors and clients. Fourth, the intersubjectivity field of philosophical counselors and clients.

並列關鍵字

Philosophical Counseling ； Ethics of Care ； Fourfold Relation of theGuest and the Host ； Intersubjectivity

參考文獻

許雅惠(2009)。臺灣諮商人員諮商關係建構之分析研究。中華輔導與諮商學報。26，85-119。

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