從智圓到契嵩：北宋韓愈批評的隱性鏈

From Zhiyuan to Qisong, an implicit chain of Hanyu criticism in the Northern Song Dynasty

張勇(Yong ZHANG)

《哲學與文化》 44卷12期 (2017/12) Pp. 127-142

摘要

從智圓到契嵩的北宋禪林，有一條與士林並行的韓愈批評鏈。此二人在評價韓愈古文成就與哲學思想時，採取了截然不同的態度：一個完全肯定一個完全否定。造成這一矛盾的原因有三：時代矛盾不同，批評目標不同，批評重點不同。然而，在這種看似完全相反的態度背後卻掩藏著共同的思想實質：一是韓愈的「古文家」定位，二是批評標準的儒家化，三是深層的護教動機，四是融合儒釋的學術思路。這場韓愈批評具有重要的文化意義。佛學上，標誌著北宋佛教發展思路的新轉變；文學上，揭開北宋「古文運動」的帷幕，促進禪林「古文」創作的繁榮；儒學上，奠定理學家韓愈批評的基調，開啟理學家「陽儒陰釋」的治學路徑。

關鍵字

智圓 ； 契嵩 ； 北宋 ； 韓愈批評

並列摘要

From Zhiyuan to Qisong, a chain of Hanyu criticism also seen in the scholar official stratum presents itself among the Buddhism circle in the Northern Song Dynasty. These two people adopt entirely different attitudes towards Hanyu's achievements in ancient prose and his philosophical thoughts. One totally affirms them while the other denies them. There are three factors attribute to this situation, namely, different era conflicts, different critical targets and also different critical focus. However, behind these two seemingly different attitudes, the common ideological essence can be found. The essence consists of four aspects, firstly, Hanyu's identity as an ＂ancient prose expert＂; secondly, Confucianism of critical criteria; thirdly, the deep motivation of protecting Buddhism; and lastly, the academic thought of combination of Confucianism and Buddhism. This Hanyu criticism is of great significance in culture. On Buddhism, it marks the convert in development of Buddhism in the Northern Song Dynasty. On literature, it signifies the opening of ＂ancient prose movement＂, which promotes the prosperity of ＂ancient prose writing＂. On Confucianism, it establishes the Neo-Confucianists' keynote of Hanyu criticism, and also opens up the new academic path of ＂illustrating Confucianism through adoption the doctrine of Buddhism＂.

並列關鍵字

Zhiyuan ； Qisong ； The Northern Song Dynasty ； Hanyu Criticism

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