臺灣稻稈集運模式之研究

Study on the Model of Collection and Transportation for Rice Straw in Taiwan

方信雄(Shing-Shyong Fang) ； 陳世銘(Suming Chen) ； 蔡錦銘(Jin-Ming Tsai) ； 蔡兆胤(Chao-Yin Tsai) ； 陳毓良(Yu-Liang Chen)

《農業機械學刊》 22卷2期 (2013/06) Pp. 35-56

摘要

臺灣稻稈常被視為農業廢棄物，而以露天焚燒處理，造成嚴重的空氣污染問題，若能將其收集製成草繩、草袋、草蓆、稻草板、畦面敷蓋材料、燃料及肥料等多種用途產品，可達到資源再利用的目的。本研究藉由實地調查稻稈集運之作業情形，並分析其作業成本，以建立臺灣稻稈之集運模式。集運作業分為小圓包及大圓包兩種，小圓包作業流程為利用曳引機附掛稻稈打包機進行田間打包，再以人工堆疊小圓包，然後使用油壓夾將堆疊之小圓包夾於搬運車上並運送至倉庫。大圓包作業流程為利用曳引機附掛集草機將田間稻稈翻起並集中，再利用曳引機附掛牧草打包機進行田間稻稈打包，最後使用鏟斗機將大圓包夾至搬運車，再運送至倉庫。稻稈集運成本可分為打包成本、運輸成本及收購成本三部份，由分析結果得知小圓包之三種成本，分別為1193.7元／公噸、262.7元／公噸及700元／公噸；而大圓包之三種成本，則分別為735.2元／公噸、175.1元／公噸及700元／公噸。估算之稻稈集運成本以稻稈收購成本為最高，油料使用成本次高，運輸成本為第三位（運輸30公里），農機具購置成本為第四位。因為各地區有各項條件之差異，採用大圓包或小圓包作業，將各有其不同的考量角度，兩者都有其適用之處。本研究建立之稻稈集運及成本分析模式，可以提供各項因子之影響及評估分析，有助於稻稈資源再進一步利用的推廣。

關鍵字

稻稈 ； 集運模式 ； 成本分析 ； 資源再利用

並列摘要

Straw was regarded as an agricultural waste and usually burnt in the field, which cause a serious air pollution problem. Rice straw can be used to make useful products such as rope, sack, mat, board, ground cover materials, fuel, and fertilizer if it is properly collected. In this study, the field investigation of rice straw collection and transportation and the cost analyses were conducted to build the model of collection and transportation for rice straw in Taiwan. There are two operations, one for small round bale and the other for large round bale. The procedure of the former had been investigated that a round baler was used to bale rice straw, and then these bales were stacked by a labor; a truck with hydraulic-grabber was then used to grab the bales into truck and transport to storage facility. The procedure of the latter had also been investigated that a windrow rake was adopted to flip and gather up rice straws first, a hay baler was then baled straw, a grab loader picked up the bales to another truck for transportation to storage facility. The costs of rice straw collection and transportation, including baling, transporting, and purchasing, were analyzed in this study. The costs are 1193.7, 262.7 and 700 NT dollars per ton for small round bale, and 735.2, 175.1 and 700 NT dollars per ton for large round bale were obtained respectively. The cost of straw purchasing is the highest among all items, fuel cost is the second, transportation cost (30 km distance) is the third, and purchase cost of agricultural machinery is the fourth. Both operations of small and large round bales have their applications depends on the conditions required. The model and analysis developed in this study will provide useful information regarding the further extension for resource recycle of rice straw.

並列關鍵字

Rice straw ； Collection and transportation ； Cost analysis ； Resource recycle