番茄斑萎病毒屬病毒之發生與快速偵測技術之新發展

葉錫東(S. D. Yeh) ； 曲芳華(F. H. Chu)

《植物病理學會刊》 8卷4期 (1999/12) Pp. 125-132

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.199912_8(4).0001

摘要

番茄斑萎病毒屬(the genus Tospovirus)為Bunyaviridae科中唯一可感染植物的屬，亦係目前唯一可經由薊馬類昆蟲以永續性方式傳播的植物病毒。Tospovirus屬在臺灣的危害情形，以南黃薊馬(Thrips palmi Karny)所傳播造成西瓜及洋香瓜等葫蘆科植物嚴重損失的西瓜銀斑病毒(Watermelon silver mottle virus, WSMV)最具代表性。此外，台灣中部花生栽培區亦發現有Tospovirus屬的病毒引起的病害，由小黃薊馬(Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood)所媒介，此病毒後被命名為花生黃化扇斑病毒(Peanut chlorotic fan-spot virus, PCFV)。番茄斑萎病毒屬織成員，大多寄主範圍廣泛，且其病徵變異大，故不宜以寄主範圍及病徵作為各分離株之分類依據，血清類緣關係及核酸之序列分析，近年漸受重視。本研究室研發新的方法，可迅速自局部病班寄主奎藜之葉片純化五種不同血清型的蕃茄班萎病毒核鞘蛋白，且已進一步製備了高專一性的血清，包括多元抗體及單元抗體。此外，晚近西瓜銀斑病毒之三條基因體核酸序列亦已在本研究室全部解序完畢，是目前番茄斑萎病毒屬中第四個成員病毒，其基因體核酸全部解序完成者。另外，花生黃化扇斑病毒的基因體SRNA核酸序列亦已解序完畢。在核酸訊息已明朗化的情況下，各個不同血清型之廣效性及專一性核酸探針均經製備及成功應用，對田間番茄斑萎病毒屬病毒病害的快速檢測及其分類地位的確立有非常大的助益。

關鍵字

番茄斑萎病毒屬 ； 血清學特性 ； 胺基酸相同度

並列摘要

Tospovirus is the only genus in the arthropod-borne family Bunyaviridae that infects plants. In Taiwan, Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMV), a tospovirus transmitted by Thrips palmi Karny in a persistent manner, has become a major limiting factor for growing watermelon and other cucurbits. In addition, a tospovirus transmitted by Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood was isolated from peanut in central Taiwan and designated as peanut chlorotic fan-spot virus (PCFV). Because the broad host range and complications in symptomatology, it is difficult to classify tospoviruses by biological properties. Thus, serological properties and the amino acid identities of the structural nucleocapsid proteins (NPs) are considered important descriptors for classification of tospoviruses. Recently, we have developed a fast and effective method to purify NPs of tospoviruses in different serogroups, using the leaf tissues from virus-infected local lesion host Chenopodium quinoa as starting material. Highly specific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were produced against NPs of tospoviruses from different serogroups. To further characterize WSMV at the molecular level, the complete nucleotide sequences of its L, M, and S RNAs have been determined by our laboratory. This represents the fourth tospovirus with the whole genomic information elucidated. In addition, the complete nucleotide sequence of PCFV S RNA has also been determined. Based on molecular information, specific primers for detecting different serogroups by RT-PCR and specific nucleic acid probes derived from N genes for identifying specific species are now available. The described serological and nucleic acid techniques provide a fast and accurate way for identification and diagnosis of tospoviruses.

並列關鍵字

Tospovirus ； serological property ； amino acid identity