共黨意識型態的「再功能化」與政權存續－中共「三的代表」的「啟發式個案」研究

共黨政權的核心之一是官定意識型態。在「欠缺反饋」的體系下，共黨體系只能「由上而下」以官定意識型態的指導，產生出與經社發展配套的政策。意識型態的「再功能化」表示其指導性功能未變，但內涵已經做了實用主義的轉換，得以適時指導經社發展的需求。存續共黨政權是否達到意識型態的「再功能化」，可以從「市場機制是否引入」與「領導人是否有共識」進行檢證。從中國大陸的案例而言，中共在2000年提出「三個代表」時，已經符合這兩個指標的檢證，也就是說，「三個代表」可以適時指導經社的發展，且領導人之間對該路線產生共識，因此達到意識型態的「再功能化」，得以維繫政權存續。本文從中國大陸的「啟發式個案」出發來建構理論，並從比較的視野，納入正面與負面個案，分別為越南與前蘇聯政權，以進一步佐證本文的觀點。

關鍵字

三個代表；再功能化；啟發式個案；意識型態

並列摘要

Our main point is that the ideology refunctionalization is the elements of self-serving communist regime. Many Scholars think the communist regime will never give up the guiding ideology, because the regime needs it to guide the policy output. The ideology refunctionalization is still stress the guiding function, but the contents are full of pragmatism instead of utopianism. We use two identification to test if the ideology is already accomplished the stage of refunctionalization. Fist, we focus on whether the market mechanism has lead into the political system; second, whether the top leaders have the consensus of this ideology refunctionalization. In the Mainland China case, CCP offer ”Three Represents” in 2000 was fitted in aboving two identifications, so the ideology has finished the refunctionalization. In addition, the article uses the Vietnam and USSR for the positive and negative case, to compare with the Mainland China. For the cross-case studies, we hope to strengthen the causal effects that resulted in the heuristic case of the Mainland China.