政治社群與族群的難題─以我國大學生為例

The Tension between Political Community and Ethnicity: Evidence from University Students in Taiwan

李冠成(Kuan-Chen Lee)

《政治學報》 48期 (2009/12) Pp. 115-152

https://doi.org/10.6229/CPSR.2009.48.04

摘要

民眾對於政治社群的支持是維繫民主政體穩定運作最根本的基礎，然而，政治社群不分你我的理念往往與族群互相衝突。在其他條件不變的情況下，社會內部的族群分歧程度愈高，團結一致的政治社群就愈不易形成。目前台灣社會族群關係的衝突大多環繞在因兩岸關係緊張及統獨立場的緊繃，對於國家認同相異的他族群，產生政治上的不信任感。事實上，隨著台灣首度政黨輪替之後政府施政效能不彰、319總統選舉爭議及政治貪腐事件頻傳，這股政治的不信任感不僅只存在於人民和政府之間，似乎也表現在族群與政府之間，以及族群與整體政治社群之間。因此，本文嘗試運用以政治大學學生為母群的調查訪問資料，探討族群意識與政治支持對於政治社群凝聚的影響。研究發現，大學生客觀的省籍背景並不會分散政治社群的凝聚力，但是主觀的族群認同仍舊會影響大學生的政治社群依附感；此外，大學生對於政治體系支持與否的態度，也會對政治社群依附感產生影響。認同台灣人且政治信任高的人，對於政治社群的凝聚力較強；而認同中國人且政治信任低者，則會弱化他們對於政治社群的依附感。藉由此項研究，本文主張，若要凝聚大學生對我國政治社群的依附，必須先克服族群間因自我認同而形成的藩籬；此外，建立廣泛的政治信任感也是鞏固政治社群的方法之一。

關鍵字

大學生 ； 政治社群 ； 政治信任 ； 族群意識

並列摘要

How to make citizens feel parts of the political community seems to be the prerequisite for a political system to govern legitimately as well as to function effectively. However, the idea of political community is usually threatened by individuals' affiliation with ethnic groups. Everything being equal, the more diversity of ethnic cleavages exists within a society, the more obstacles for a society to form a cohesive political community. It is believed that the tension between ethnic groups in Taiwan results from the controversy of national identity issue. Furthermore, political scandals in Taiwan such as 319 gunshot incident and political corruptions not only deteriorated the performance of democratic governance, but also ignited political distrust among opposite groups leading to the problem of consolidation of political community. Thus, this study focuses on a sample from university students in Taiwan and investigates the relationship between the attachment to the political community and to ethnic groups. By using the feelings about national pride as an indicator of political community attachment, we find that the objective ethnicity of students is not associated with the extent to which people attach to the political community, but their subjective ethnic identities, as being Taiwanese or being Chinese, strongly affects feelings about national pride. Moreover, the result shows that students' political trust functions as an important intermediate factor between ethnic identities and community attachment. Therefore, one should notice that the attachment to political community is not only affected by ethnic awareness but political trust as well.

並列關鍵字

ethnic awareness ； political community ； political trust ； university students

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