韓非論君術之窮

Han Fei on the Poverty of Methods Employed by Princes

詹康(Kang Chan)

《政治學報》 48期 (2009/12) Pp. 33-75

https://doi.org/10.6229/CPSR.2009.48.02

摘要

韓非揭發了許多官員行姦之術，也發明了許多君主制臣之術，曾有學者認為韓非無法盡臣無姦，但沒有人做過詳細論證，本文是第一篇全面檢討君術有效性的研究。本文從循名責實術、聽言問對術、不測術、伺姦決誠術、制馭權貴術等五大類來檢討，每一大類都儘量從韓非的言論中歸納出弱點或可規避的途徑。筆者發現，只有兩種術完全操之在君主，因此保證有效，但其效用甚微，而絕大多數的術則不能保證有效。此外，事前的政策評估與君主的領導責任十分重要，但由於與韓非所提倡的術相互矛盾，所以未受其重視。韓非除了教君主用術以制臣，也會教臣用術以行姦，因此其對君術的論述，是從建構而解構，在此論述過程中托出了政治權謀的真相。

關鍵字

中國政治哲學 ； 法家

並列摘要

Han Fei unveils lots of ways (methods) through which ministers do evils and propose many methods for princes to counter ministerial evils. One scholar had suggested that Han Fei could not prevent ministers from doing evils, but there has been no study arguing for the case. This is the first thorough survey of the (in) effectiveness of methods recommended to princes.Five categories of the methods of princes receive comprehensive scrutiny here: matching name and reality, listening and questioning, fathomlessness, detecting conspiracies, and harnessing the powerful. Weaknesses and ways to get around in each category, mostly drawn from Han Fei's text, are spelled out. In conclusion, none but two methods are fully in the command of princes and thus guaranteed to succeed, yet their success is of minor effect. In addition, despite their importance, two methods-policy assessment and of leadership-are deemphasized by Han Fei because they are not compatible with his favorite methods.Han Fei teaches ministers to do evils as well as princes to prevent ministerial evils. His discourse on the methods employed by princes is a process from construction to deconstruction through which maneuvers between the prince and the ministers are staged.

並列關鍵字

Chinese political philosophy ； Legalism

參考文獻

王邦雄(1977)。韓非子的哲學。台北:東大。

王曉波(1991)。先秦法家思想史論。台北:聯經。

王靜芝(1977)。韓非思想體系。台北:輔仁大學文學院。

朱瑞祥(1990)。韓非政治思想之剖析。台北:黎明。

李文標(1977)。韓非思想體系。台北:幼獅。