以西漢前期對胡越之行動檢視攻勢現實主義

西漢前期國力逐漸增長，從韜光養晦轉變成主動對外征伐，可能被視為支持攻勢現實主義的一個例證，從而使人擔心今日中國會否走上同樣道路。本文於檢視西漢案例後，發現其統治者未必如攻勢現實主義者所稱是在尋求物質權力的極大化。西漢曾與相對弱勢的越人和平共存了約九十年。「無為而治」的觀念有助於漢朝政治菁英避免戰爭，而武帝對匈奴開戰也可以用守勢現實主義者尋求安全的理由來解釋。因此西漢的案例未必全然支持攻勢現實主義。

關鍵字

物質實力；現實主義；道家思想；權力政治

並列摘要

As the national capabilities grew during the early period, the Western Han Dynasty transferred its ＂hidden light＂ low-profile policy toward aggressively attacking foreign enemies. It could be considered as a confirmative case to support offensive realism. Some even worry if China would follow the same path today. However, this paper suggests that Han rulers did not necessarily aim at maximizing material power, as offensive realists argue. In contrast, the Western Han peacefully coexisted with weaker Yue people for about ninety years. With the help of the ＂laissez-faire＂ ideology, Han elites managed to avoid war. We argue that the Wu Di's war against Hiongnu could be better explained by the concept of security maximization suggested in the defensive realism. Thus, Western Han's case does not fully confirm offensive realism.

並列關鍵字

Daoism ； Material Capabilities ； Power Politics ； Realism

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Allison, G., 2015. “The Thucydides Trap: Are the U.S. and China Headed for War?”in The Atlantic: https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/09/unitedstates-china-war-thucydides-trap/406756/, Available: 2017/11/17.