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臺灣半總統制下總統決策機制的困境:一個比較視野的研究

The Dilemma of President's Policy-Making Mechanism under the Taiwan's Semi-Presidential System: A Study in Comparative Perspective

摘要


我國半總統制運作迄今已經歷四任不同黨派的民選總統,但多數皆需費力在憲政體制外建立決策機制,試圖整合政府各部門與執政黨之意見,以期能形成有效能的政府執政團隊。經由多年的實踐,可以很清楚看到我國總統權力行使的一項挑戰,即憲法上並無配置給總統正式的政策決定機關。對於此一狀況,既有半總統制研究文獻甚少探討。因此,本文嘗試探討此一問題。本文先從全球的視野出發,歸納37個半總統制國家憲法的設計,再進一步探討我國憲法下總統政策決定或諮詢機制之安排,並以四位民選總統執政時期之實務運作為例加以解析。最後,並略述我國憲政體制可能的因應方案。

並列摘要


Since Taiwan has adopted semi-presidential system, there have been four directly elected presidents. But most of them needed to build decision-making mechanisms outside the constitutional system, trying to integrate government departments and the ruling party's views in order to form an effective government ruling team. After years of practices, it is clear that there is a challenge for our President to exercise his (or her) power to govern. That is, there is no viable constitutional organ of the President's formal policy decision authority. For this phenomenon, the existing semi-presidential research literatures rarely explored it. Based on the global perspective, this paper summarizes the experiences of 37 semi-presidential constitutional designs and further explores the arrangements for presidential policy decisions or consultation mechanisms under the constitution of the ROC, and analyzes the practical operation of the four presidents. Finally, this article reflects some challenges and suggestions for the constitutional design in Taiwan.

參考文獻


王健壯,2016,〈違憲擴權不是憲政慣例〉,聯合新聞網:https://udn.com/news/story/7340/2041694。2017/3/16。
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