威權體制內部的民主制度：中國大陸民衆體制內政治參與對其政治態度的影響

近年來，政治學界關於比較威權主義的分析取得了許多突破性的進展。在最近的研究中，許多學者將焦點置於威權體制內部具有民主形式的制度，包括政黨、立法機構與半競爭性的選舉等。相較於現有文獻，本文將焦點置於一般民眾的參與經驗，探究這些形式上民主制度的設立，是否會對個人對於威權體制的政治態度產生影響。基於「亞洲民主動態調查」第四波的中國大陸調查資料，本文利用「傾向分數匹配」的研究設計，探討威權體制內部的民主制度的作用。在中國大陸，體制內的政治參主要為村委會與居委會選舉，我們發現，當中國大陸民眾有這些投票經驗時，他們對現有政治體制有更為正面的看法。同時，研究結果也顯示，個人的參與效應在對中央政府的態度方面，比對地方政府更加深刻，反映出中國大陸基層投票制度的直接受益者為中央政府。我們的研究結果肯定這種名義上的民主制度對於鞏固威權體制的作用。

關鍵字

威權體制；名義上的民主機構；政治參與；中國大陸

並列摘要

Studies on authoritarianism have made a significant breakthrough since the late 2000s. In the recent development, many scholars focus on the role of nominally democratic institutions, including political parties, legislature, and semi-competitive elections. This paper examines the relationship between Chinese people's participation in state-authorized institutions and their attitudes toward the political regime and the performance of the government. Devising a matching design to study the Wave 4th China national survey of the Asian Barometer, this paper finds that when Chinese citizens have voted in the local election, they are more likely to have a positive view about the political system. In addition, this experience is more helpful in improving their evaluation about the central government's performance than the local government's. In other words, the Chinese central government is the direct beneficiary of its local nominally democratic institutions. Our study confirms that ordinary citizens' attitudes toward the authoritarian government are influenced by their participatory experiences in nominally democratic institutions.