臺灣人因工程與設計的回顧與發展

「人因工程」啟蒙於二次大戰，而本國人因工程的開端則是由國科會(現為科技部)於1984年成立的「人因工程推動小組」所開啟，並於1992年成立「工業工程學門」。爾後在許多人因前輩的努力下，「中華民國人因工程學會」(Ergonomics society of Taiwan, EST)於1993年在新竹清華大學成立。後鑒於人因工程若結合設計則更能產出實體產品或系統，國科會旋即於2001年將「工業工程學門」下的「人因工程」子學門更名為「人因工程與設計」子學門迄今。自1984年國科會開始推動人因工程以來，「人因工程與設計」子學門每年所提出進行審核的計畫案數量，幾乎都佔工業工程領域子學門的最多數。早期研究主題包括人體計測、工作環境測定、中文電腦鍵盤設計、訊息顯示設計、運動生物力學、控制與顯示設計等；特別在人體計測，不論教育部、科技部、勞動部、內政部與國防部，接續不斷地建立屬於「本土」的資料庫。此外，「人因工程與設計」與政府各部門的施政息息相關，也相繼被業界所器重並應用在產品設計上。近年來為因應數位通訊、雲端科技、高齡化、以及工業4.0所帶來各項系統的物聯網化、大數據分析與智慧化等衝擊，使得「人因工程與設計」子學門也不得不面對許多的挑戰。雖然「科技」是「設計之本」，但是「人性」卻是「設計之始」，當科技隨之日新月異之同時，也牽動人類適合從事的作業類型與內心需求層次的挪移，唯不論如何，人類所發展的科技畢竟由「人」所起，也終為「人」所用，故一切終究離不開「人性因素(human factors)」。於此同時，產品由首重功能使用進展至愉悅使用，以至提升到創造獨特的高感受時，即不再是單一技術或領域可及的境域，而是融合「感性科技」、「人性設計」與「文化創意」的設計思考，才能營造一個高科技與高感受的人性化工作與生活環境。藉「工業工程與管理」學門成立25周年之際，回顧「人因工程與設計」子學門之歷來與發展，並論及未來可能之挑戰與變化，盼諸位同好攜手並進，為「人因工程與設計」子學門未來更寬廣之發展而努力。

關鍵字

中華民國人因工程學會；人體計測；感性人因工程；軍備人因工程；使用者體驗；勞動安全衛生；運輸人因工程

並列摘要

In 1984, the National Science Council in Taiwan (e.g., Ministry of Science of Technology) assembled the Human Factors Promotion Committee to promote Human Factors, an empirical science developed in the World War Ⅱ. With great efforts made by a number of pioneers, the Ergonomics Society of Taiwan was successfully established and located in National Tsing Hua University in 1993. In 2001, the Human Factors sub-Division, a research sub-division of National Science Council established in 1992, changed its name to the ＂Human Factors and Design sub-Division＂, for the vision of developing physical products and systems by integrating human factors and design thinking. Since the promotion of Human Factors by the National Science Council in 1984, the number of annual grant applications has always been the greatest among all sub-divisions under the Industrial Engineering Division in National Science Council. The grant applications in the early decades mainly focused on the areas of anthropometry, working environment, the design of Chinese keyboard, information display, biomechanics of sport, the design of control and display, etc. Among the abovementioned areas, anthropometry has been one of the most pronounced that are supported by several governmental agencies, including the Ministry of Education, the National Science Council, the Ministry of Labor, the Ministry of the Interior, and Ministry of National Defense. These governmental organizations funded a number of studies to build Taiwanese anthropometric databases. The development of anthropometric databases demonstrates the demands of Human Factors and Design by the government agencies and further benefits industrial applications in their product development process. In recent years, newly developed technologies of digital data communications, cloud storage, and big data analytics and the trend of aging society, smart living, and industrial 4.0 demanded new applications of Human Factors and Design. Even technology drives design, whereas human-centered design is the only way to achieve a good design. Although new technology may change the way how people interact with things and the satisfied level in terms of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Human Factors should continuously play an essential role in directing technology development to fit the human needs. By shifting function-driven to user-driven in the product development, system designers can build a satisfying working and living environment with high- technology. However, this promotion relies on Multi-disciplinary collaboration which may include Kansei engineering, human-centered design, cross-cultural design, etc. For celebrating the milestone of 25 Anniversary, this article reviews highlights of the past 25 years and pinpoints new directions and opportunities for human factors and design. Continuous success is expected with all the contributions from experts, practitioners, researchers, etc. who are interested in Human Factors and Design.

並列關鍵字

Ergonomics Society of Taiwan ； Anthropometry ； Emotional Ergonomics ； Military Ergonomics ； User Experience ； Labor Safety and Hygiene ； Transportation Ergonomics ； the origin and development of ergonomics in Taiwan