清末以來台北盆地歷史地名的空間認知相對方位改變

Changing of the Spatial Cognition from Historical Place Names in Taipei Basin since late Ching Dynasty

洪致文(Chih-Wen Hung) ； 馮維義(Wei-Yi Fong)

《環境與世界》 28&29期 (2014/06) Pp. 75-96

https://doi.org/10.6304/EAW.2014.28/29.4

摘要

本研究整理了從清末開始，台北盆地在不同時期的地名與街名變化，分析當時命名者空間認知方位的變化。清代的台北盆地是屬於農業社會，農田灌溉的水圳系統深刻地影響了先民的空間認知；在三市街（艋舺、大稻埕和台北城內）時期，發展出了數種不同的空間觀點，例如與淡水河沿岸平行的河港型市街模式（由西向東）、從官署座向（由東向西）產生的空間認知，以及受到風水與坐北朝南中國傳統統治觀點影響的空間觀。到了日本時代，統治者引入了科學治理與現代的都市規劃技術，將過去地名與街名中的傳統空間認知觀點逐漸抹去。二戰後，國民政府在未考慮都市未來發展的情況下，以中國大陸地名系統替台北市的街路取名，引進的「大中國規劃者中心觀」，除再次抹去了台北殘存的歷史空間認知外，並因市區內東、西路所佔比例的分配不均，造成現代台北市空間認知出現東西區極度不對稱的特殊現象。

關鍵字

空間認知 ； 街路名 ； 地名 ； 歷史地圖 ； 台北

並列摘要

This study summarized various place names and street names in Taipei basin from the late Ching dynasty until now to analyze the changing of spatial cognition. The different viewpoints of the spatial cognition by namers can be found in different periods. During the agriculture era in late Ching dynasty, people who reclaimed in Taipei had referenced the canal of irrigation system to construct their spatial cognition. However, for the three-city area of Taipei (Monga, Dadaocheng, inner city) in the late Ching dynasty, several different spatial cognitions have been developed. One was influenced by the street/river parallel patterns directed from the Tamsui river coast inland. One was the totally opposite spatial cognition which based on the location of the government offices directed from inner city to the Tamsui river. Other types of the spatial cognition for the area are related to the Feng-shui and the traditional imperial viewpoint which is facing south. In Japanese colonial period, the concept of scientific governance and the modern urban planning technology were introduced, and the old place names and street names with the old spatial cognition were gradually erased. After the World War II, government assigned the street names in Taipei city with China place names and did not consider the future city development to assign the East road and West road along the streets. This created an imbalance of the East/West road patterns in the spatial cognition of modern Taiwan city until today.

並列關鍵字

Spatial Cognition ； Place Names ； Street Names ； Historical Maps ； Taipei