以地理資訊系統界定醫療偏遠程度──以高雄市為例

目的：透過地理資訊系統，探討高雄市各鄉鎮市區內部之醫療可近性。方法：利用ArcGIS蒐集每一平方公里大小之網格中人口數與就醫交通距離資訊後，採用SPSS 20進行集群分析法，將其進行醫療偏遠程度之分類。結果：研究中被界定為等級四之區域屬於就醫最為便利之區域，約占總體研究樣本之3%，而約有66%之區域屬於就醫尚為便利之等級三區域，醫療偏遠程度較高的等級一和二之區域，兩者合計占總體研究樣本之31%，這些區域多位於高雄市東北方，此外本研究亦有列出對於醫療地理可近性應加強與關注之村里。結論：研究結果對於高雄市醫療偏遠地區之劃分，得以更加精細觀點呈現，對於後續醫療衛生政策上可提供參考。

關鍵字

地理資訊系統；醫療偏遠地區；可近性

並列摘要

Objectives: A geographic information system (GIS) was used to explore the medical accessibility of each administrative unit in Kaohsiung city. Methods: ArcGIS was used to gain the information regarding the population and transportation distance of each grid, and sort the information through cluster analysis. Results: The rank-four areas, which account for 3% of the entire sample in Kaohsiung city, are the most convenient areas to receive medical service. The rank-three areas are the second most convenient areas to receive medical service, accounting for 66% of the entire sample in Kaohsiung city. The rank-one and two areas, however, have poor medical accessibility and account for 31% of the entire sample in Kaohsiung city, most of which are located northeast of Kaohsiung city. In addition, the villages which should be a focus of concern and reinforced with respect to medical accessibility in the future are listed. Conclusions: This research provids a detailed viewpoint of the division of Kaohsiung city based on different medical accessibility ranks, and further assists authorities to implement related policies and practices in the future.