論《尚書•洛誥》：“和恒四方民”之“恒”爲“桓”之誤

《尚書•洛誥》：「和恒四方民」歷來的注解似未能講通，有將「和恒」解成「和順」、「恒」字講成「徧」、將「桓」解成「久」、以「和恒」為倒裝，應為恒和或說「和恒猶旬宣也」，以上眾說紛紜，皆非正詁。本文提出〈洛誥〉「和恒四方民」之「恒」為「桓」之誤，即由〈無逸〉的「用咸和萬民」及〈梓材〉的「和懌先後迷民」及〈祭公篇〉的「畢桓于黎民般」比較，認為舊解「恒」字講不通，而「恒」與「桓」在隸書之後形體相同，很可能「恒」即「桓」之訛誤而來。

關鍵字

尚書；洛誥；和恒四方民；馬瑞辰；偽孔傳

並列摘要

The traditional glosses of the binome héhéng (和恒) which appears in the sentence ”Harmonize and long preserve the people of all the regions” (和恒四方民) of the Luogao (洛誥) chapter of the Shangshu (尚書) are all equally inadequate. Some read it as meaning héshùn (和順)”gentle” some construe the character héng (恒) as the character biàn (徧) ”everywhere”or explain it as meaning jiǔ (久)”for a long time” some invert the binomial héhéng or say that it is equivalent to xúnxuān (旬宣) ”to diffuse everywhere.” None of these various explanations seems to be satisfactory; it is here put forward that the character héng is an error for the character huán (桓). Based on a comparison of the uses of the character hé (和) in the Wuyi (無逸) and Zicai (梓材) chapters of the Shangshu with the use of the character huán in the Jigongpian (祭公篇) chapter of the Yizhoushu (逸周書), it is suggested that, because the two characters hé and huán structures became identical after the Han Dynasty, quite possibly the latter was misread into the former.