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台灣文學與佛教關係的系譜-從口傳文學、古典文學到現代文學

The Genealogy of Relation between Taiwanese Literature and Buddhism: Oral LiteratureClassical Literature and Modern Literature

摘要


台灣文學與佛教之間的密切關係,從最早的口傳文學發端,傳說故事中有許多佛教主題,諺語當中也有許多佛教出家人物與佛教觀念。在古典文學之中,「海東文獻初祖」沈光文來台之後,曾經出家為僧,清領時期有不少古典詩文都記載了當時的佛教祭典、佛教寺院以及文人與佛教出家人之間的交遊;日治時期古典文學與佛教之間,除了曾經有「崇文社」傳統文人與台中佛教會發生爭執的事件之外,更多的傳統文人其實延續著清領時期與佛教之間較為友善的關係,也有許多僧侶擅長古典詩的創作;戰後台灣古典詩壇則有李炳南與本際法師兩位佛門人士加入。新文學方面,日治時期的作家雖然批判民間佛道信仰的迷信行為,但是對於純粹佛教的信仰與思想並不排斥;戰後台灣出版了數本佛教小說與散文選集,許多文壇的重要作家都參與其中;在佛教文學作家群體方面,僧侶作家以星雲法師最具有代表性,佛光山也成為台灣佛教文學出版與創作的重鎮。此外,佛教僧人為主題的傳記文學有許多都由文壇知名作家執筆,在社會上造成廣泛的影響,佛理散文更是台灣佛教現代文學方面的主力,新詩方面有不少將禪理成功的融入其中,佛教小說方面也有許多膾炙人口之作。回顧歷史,台灣文學作品對於佛教的傳播具有不可抹滅的貢獻,佛教同樣也影響了台灣文學作品的主題思想、文字風格以及藝術特色,台灣現今不僅是華人佛教信仰圈裡的核心國家,在華語佛教文學創作方面同樣具有執其牛耳之地位。

並列摘要


Taiwanese literature has long-standing relation with Buddhism. There were many Buddhist figures, plots, and concepts in folk stories and adages. During the Ming-Zheng era, Shen Guang-Wun (the first classical poet in Taiwan) had to become a Buddhist monk. During Ching empire occupation era, many classical literature recorded Buddhist ceremony, Buddhist temple, and the communication between writers and monks. During Japanese rule, a lot of monks was good at writing classical poetry and presented the poetry in newspapers and magazines. The writers of modern literature criticized the superstition of folk Buddhism, but did not negate the value of pure Buddhism. During post-war period, the Buddhist monk Ben Ji and kulapati Li Pin-Nan composed good quality and large quantity of classical poetry. Many anthologies of Buddhist fiction and essay were published. Modern poetry infused Zen philosophy successfully. Famous writers wrote biographies of Buddhist monks and had widespread influence in Taiwanese society. In brief, Taiwanese Buddhist literary work had big contribution to disseminate Buddhism. On the other hand, Buddhism affected the theme, writing style, and performance characteristics of literary works. Now, Taiwan is not only the center of Han Buddhism but also an important country for the writing of Mandarin Buddhist literature.

參考文獻


江燦騰(2003)。台灣近代佛教的變革與反思─去殖民化與台灣佛教主體性確立的新探索。台北:東大圖書公司。
江燦騰(2003)。台灣近代佛教的變革與反思─去殖民化與台灣佛教主體性確立的新探索。台北:東大圖書公司。
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