虛無與空──西谷啟治的宗教哲學

本文介紹、分析日本京都學派健將西谷啟治（1900－1990）的宗教哲學。從其鉅著《宗教是什麼》來說明他如何來看待西方文明的危機，如何以佛教空的立場來克服西方虛無主義問題。他認為沙特的無神論存在主義，作為一種人文主義，未脫人的意識立場，所定立的自我仍是帶有「我執」的自我；尼采提出超人哲學，擺脫了人的立場，讓虛無不再只是相對無，但尚未能到達現實的絕對肯定。佛教強調現實的絕對肯定的空的立場，在能緣所緣平等平等當中，才真正能達到絕對的生即死、死即生的境界，從根本解決現代西方的根本問題。

關鍵字

西谷啟治；沙特；尼采；空；虛無主義

並列摘要

This article introduces and analyses the philosophy of Nishitani Keiji (1900-1990) who is the main member of the Kyoto School. According his main work What is Religion, We may statement how he see the crisis of the western civilization and try to overcome the problem of western nihilism by the Buddhist SUnyatA position. Nishitani Keiji thinks that as long as the nothingness in the atheistic existentialism that Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980) presents as a humanism is still set up as something called nothingness-at-the-bottom-of-the-self from the position of man, the self-consciousness ego that has nothingness at it's ground is still a kind of self-attachment. He also thinks that Friedrich Nietzsche (1844~1900) creates the philosophy of Overman to overcome the position of man and makes the nothingness to be not just a relative nothingness, but still can't make it to be a absolute nothingness that can absolutely affirm everything in the world. He emphasizes that the ZUnyatA position of the MAhayAna Buddhism can reach the state of absolute life-sive-death, death-sive-life, so it can overcome the fundamental problem of western civilization.