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Work Attitudes and Social Protection: What Vietnamese and Swedes Can Learn from Each Other
摘要
本文旨在分析比較瑞典與越南民眾的工作態度與求職條件的差異。做為一個福利國家的典範，2009年瑞典的社會福利支出占國內生產總值的32.2%（9,936億瑞典克朗，約合1,543億美金），而其最主要的支出項目為養老俸、健康照護、以及失業補助（共占65%的總支出）。相對的，越南的社會以及經濟服務支出只占國內生產總值的17%，教育/訓練以及養老俸/社會救濟是最主要的支出項目（分別各占了24.6%與19.5%的總支出）。分析第五波的世界價值觀調查資料發現，雖然兩個國家的社會福利制度與支出額度差異很大，但兩個國家受訪者的工作滿意度卻差異不大（分別為7.7與7.1；1代表非常不滿意，10表示非常滿意）。而且福利支出較大的瑞典受訪者反而有較低的愛國情超（85%的受訪者以自己國家為榮），社會福利支出較少的越南，卻有高達98%的受訪者以自己國家為榮。在尋找工作的優先條件考量上，瑞典受訪者以工作本身所帶給自己的成就感以及對職場共事同仁的喜好程度為優先考量條件；相對的，越南受訪者則以工作的穩定度以及薪資的高低為優先考量條件。在一個介於5-25分的工作動機指標上，越南受訪者的工作動機遠高於瑞典受訪者（分別為21與15），這個差異可能與社會經濟水準有關，也可能與個人成長過程中的社會化影響有關。
關鍵字
無資料並列摘要
The author investigates differences in work attitudes between Vietnamese and Swedes. Considered a model welfare state, Sweden spent 993.6 billion Swedish Kroner (approximately USD154.3 billion), or 32.2% of its total GDP, on social protection expenditures in 2009. Pensions, health care, and unemployment benefits accounted for 69% of total expenditures. In contrast, the developing country of Vietnam spent approximately 17% of its GDP on social and economic services, mostly on education/training (24.6%) and pensions/social relief (19.5%). Data from the fifth wave of the World Values Survey indicate that on a high-to-low 1-10 scale of life satisfaction, the average score for Swedes was 7.7 and for Vietnamese 7.1. Of the Swedish respondents, 85 percent expressed either great or medium pride in being a Swede, compared to 98% of Vietnamese respondents. In terms of job characteristics, Swedes mentioned sense of achievement and working with people as top priorities, while Vietnamese mentioned long-term job security and income. On a low-to-high 5-25 scale of work motivation, Vietnamese respondents had higher scores (21) than Swedes (15). The strong Vietnamese work ethic is likely due to early childhood influences.