中越邊界跨境交往與廣西京族跨國身分認同

Sino-Vietnamese Border Crossing and the Transnational Identity of the Jing Nationality of Guangxi

張兆和(Siu-Woo Cheung)

《歷史人類學學刊》 2卷1期 (2004/04) Pp. 89-133

摘要

本文考察在1980年代末期邊界開放政策與邊境貿易發展之前後，廣西京族群體在傳統的節日宗教活動中所表現的跨國文化聯繫和身份認同及其變化，並將觀察所得放在近代歷史變遷和當代的區域經濟發展脈絡中討論分析，探討跨國身份認同與其他各種社會身份，包括階級、年齡、性別、宗族、族群、公民等等，在社會關係和階序的重構中互為作用的過程。中國民族學界對「跨境民族」的討論，常將「國家政治認同」和「民族文化認同」作先驗的簡單化對立二分。本文嘗試指出，跨國民族文化認同本身已經是近現代國家政治經濟發展脈絡下的產物，負載著國家邊界與政治體制的經驗意識。對這種經驗意識的理解，需要擺脫局限著「跨境民族」討論的國家話語論述框架，將國家的體制和理念放在地方生活脈絡中的社會關係和社會互動中探討。

關鍵字

京族 ； 哈節 ； 邊境貿易 ； 跨國身份認同 ； 跨境民族

並列摘要

This paper considers the development of linkages to transnational culture and changes in social identities as expressed in religious rituals at traditional festivals of the Jing nationality of Guangxi in the period of the introduction of the policy of opening up borders and the rise of cross-border trade since the late 1980s. These observations are analyzed in the contexts of recent historical changes and the contemporary development of a regional economy, in order to illustrate the interplay between transnational identity and other aspects of social identity, such as class, age, gender, lineage, ethnicity, citizenship and so on, in social relations and the construction of social hierarchy. In the field of Chinese ethnology, discussions of trans-border peoples tend to consider state political identification in opposition to ethnic cultural identity. This paper seeks to show that transnational ethnic cultural identity is itself a product of the political and economic development of the modern state, and reflects consciousness of state borders and political systems. To understand this experiential consciousness, it is essential to transcend the limitations of a nation-state based discourse of trans-border ethnicity, and incorporate national political systems and ideology into a discussion of social relations and interactions in local life.

並列關鍵字

Jing nationality ； Hát Festival ； cross-border trade ； transnational identity ； trans-border ethnic group