- 期刊
莆田平原的宗族與宗教－福建興化府歷代碑銘解析
Lineage and Religion on the Putian Plain: An Analysis Using Historical Epigraphy from Xinghua Prefecture, Fujian
摘要
本文以近年來作者在莆田地區收集的歷代碑銘為主要資料，探討唐宋佛教、宋明理學與明清里社制度對莆田地區的宗族和民間宗教組織的影響。文章認為，莆田地區的傳統社會組織，主要是宗族與宗教組織。在唐宋時期，佛教在地方上有很大的影響，世家大族往往依附於佛教寺院；到元明之際，祠堂逐漸脫離寺院系統，宗族組織相對獨立發展；明以後的里社系統又與民間神廟系統直接結合，促成了各種超宗族的社會聯盟的發展。在宗族和民間宗教組織的發展中，佛教、宋明理學和王朝制度對宗族和神廟一類地方社會組織的規範和制約，並非只是直接在地方推行，而是與本地的社會文化傳統有機結合，形成本地的社會規範。在這個過程中，士紳階層發揮着關鍵性的主導作用。
並列摘要
This paper makes use of historical epigraphic materials that the author has collected in Putian to discuss how Tang-Song Buddhism, Song neo-Confucianism, and the ＂lishe＂ (territorial altar) system of Ming- Qing affected local lineage and popular religious organization. The basic argument is that traditional social organization was based on Buddhism and lineage organization. In Tang-Song, Buddhism was extremely influential in local society, and powerful hereditary families attached themselves to Buddhist monasteries. From Song to Yuan, ancestral halls were gradually separated off from the monastic system, and lineage organization grew relatively more independent. In the Ming, the state ＂lishe＂ system intertwined with the system of local popular temples, leading to the development of social alliances that transcended the lineage. In the development of lineage and popular religious organizations, Buddhism, neo-Confucianism and state administrative systems profoundly shaped local organizations like lineage and temple systems. Their impact was not direct, but rather was mediated by local socio-cultural traditions. In this process, the literati stratum played a critical role.