誰是滿洲人？－西方近年滿洲史研究評述

Who were the Manchus?-A Review of Recent Western Studies of Manchu History

張瑞威(Sui-Wai Cheung)

《歷史人類學學刊》 4卷1期 (2006/04) Pp. 93-112

摘要

本文評介羅友枝（Evelyn S. Rawski）、柯嬌燕（Pamela K. Crossley）、路康樂（Edward Rhoads）、歐立德（Mark C. Elliott）等四名西方學者近年出版的滿洲史研究著作，指出近年西方學界研究清朝歷史時，開始放棄流行已久的「漢化」觀點，而正視清朝對於不同地區與不同族群採取不同統治策略的現實，探討清朝作為一個「帝國」的成功原因。另外，西方學界研究滿洲人身份認同時，也把重點從客觀的界定轉到主觀的建構，並探討滿洲人的身份認同如何在特殊的歷史條件或迫切的政治需要下出現變化。

關鍵字

滿洲 ； 身份認同 ； 清朝

並列摘要

Recent publications on Manchu studies by Evelyn S. Rawski, Pamela K. Crossley, Edward Rhoads and Mark C. Elliott have abandoned the conventional narrative of ＂sinicization＂. Instead, they recognize that the Qing dynasty was a regime which devised different cultural strategies in different areas for different subjects. They therefore focus on the mechanisms through which the Qing dynasty, as a genuine empire, achieved successful administration. They also emphasize the subjective construction of Manchu identity as opposed to objective categorization. These works show that unique historical conditions and urgent political needs led to repeated and radical reconstructions of Manchu identity.

並列關鍵字

Manchu ； identity ； Qing dynasty