「你倆是我倆一輩子的丈夫」－黔東南苗族情歌語言的兩性意象與結伴理想

通過貴州東部苗人情歌語言的研究，本文指出三種語言符號活動所演述的苗人性別意象：一、男女歌者有序的輪唱，突出兩性對唱與性別對等意象的象似（iconic）關係；二、親屬稱謂等人稱語彙的組合、拆解、替換，標示出歌者在性別認同上的主體性與流動性（既有兩性合一，也有兩性分立），突顯語言符號與性別意象的指示（indexical）關係；三、人稱語彙經由同義詞的大量群聚與重復，以圖形的象似性，展現出苗歌語彙以語意之外的符號活動創造出涵蘊苗族人觀的性別意象。換言之，苗歌語言符號行動在同一平台上演述着性別差異的創造與模糊。差異，不必然是相互排除的對立，而是在建構兩性有所區辨（分立）的對照中，並存着彼此支援（結伴）的正向力量。

關鍵字

歌語言；符號活動；性別意象；苗族；黔東南

並列摘要

Through an ethnography of the linguistic performance of a love song duet popular among the Miao in southeastern Guizhou, China, this paper explores how gender images are presented through linguistic signs. First, the duet and round performed by four singers, two male and two female, reveals the iconic relationship between the song and ideals of gender equality. Second, the combination, distinguishing and substitution of different pronouns express the simultaneous stability and fluidity of sexual identity. The substitution of terms used by courtly lovers by prescriptive kinship terms used by affines of the other sex, and the opposition created by the use of terms for the individual that are marked by gender and terms for the couple that are not, thus illustrate the indexical relationship between linguistic signs and gender ideas. Third, through use of multiple and reduplicated synonymous personal pronouns, the Miao songs are a form of diagrammatic iconicity that show how linguistic signs can reveal images of gender embedded in the Miao sense of the person. Thus gender differences can be constructed and destabilized on the same performance stage. Gender difference (＂oppositions＂) and gender pairing (＂decomposing differences＂) can be constituted and situated together within a single micro-system of linguistic signs, and thus distinctive gender images can be inclusive or complementary of one other.

並列關鍵字

song language ； linguistic sign in action ； gender image ； Miao ； southeastern Guizhou

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「你倆是我倆一輩子的丈夫」－黔東南苗族情歌語言的兩性意象與結伴理想

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