唐宋以來高平寺廟系統與村社組織之變遷－以二仙信仰為例

The Temple System and Village Organization in Gaoping since Tang-Song: The Cult of the Two Immortals

羅丹妮(Dan-Ni Luo)

《歷史人類學學刊》 8卷1期 (2010/04) Pp. 107-159

摘要

本文試圖從文本的角度，分析金元以前晉東南地區的樂氏二女，如何從一個民間性的神靈，變成列入國家祀典且具有合法性的沖淑、沖惠二仙。透過歷時性的分析可以看到，二仙故事作為一個歷史敘述，有其形成和流變的過程，在不同的歷史時期，不同的人們為其添加了不同的要素，而此過程又是跟當地社會的發展脈絡相契合的。

關鍵字

晉東南 ； 二仙 ； 村社 ； 信仰 ； 地方社會

並列摘要

The cult of the Two Immortals is a distinctive religious form in southeastern Shanxi. Many temples to the cult survive to the present in Huguan, Linchuan, Gaoping, Jincheng and Changzhi counties. According to historical records, the four largest temples to the cult in Gaoping county were those located at Mt. Cuiping, at Xilimen village, in the county seat, and one temple located between Xilimen and Zhangzhuang villages but which is no longer extant. A study of the stone inscriptions commemorating successive reconstructions of these temples indicates considerable differences between the historical background preceding their initial foundation and subsequent development. Moreover there are also differences between the development of the temple networks and the modes of integration of village society. This article explores how the gods of a popular cult to two women of the Yue surname in the pre-Jin and Yuan period became transformed into the orthodox cult of the Two Immortals, Chongshu and Chonghui, and inscribed in the register of state sacrifices. Historical analysis reveals that the stories of the two immortals are a form of historical narrative. Its formation and historical development process is one whereby in different historical phases, different people have added different elements, and this process has been closely linked to the development of local society.

並列關鍵字

southeast Shanxi ； Two Immortals ； village ； popular beliefs ； local society