社會記憶與文化建構－以廣州府番禺縣瀝滘村「御賜屏風」故事為例

Social Memory and Cultural Construction: A Case Study of the Imperial Screen of Lijiao Village, Panyu County, Guangzhou

石堅平(Jianping Shi)

《歷史人類學學刊》 8卷2期 (2010/10) Pp. 87-111

摘要

本文圍繞一組氣勢恢宏的木刻屏風、一個「御賜屏風」的傳奇故事、一種「賢壽宴」的鄉土禮儀傳統，講述了清代中期以來廣東省城附廓的一個鄉村宗族，如何積極響應朝廷加強鄉飲酒禮、實施鄉村教化的號召，運用王朝國家的正統禮儀來創造新的宗族禮儀。圍繞著這個新的宗族禮儀，他們靈活地運用聯壽宴飲、製序稱壽、石刻銘文、御賜屏風、口頭傳說與附會臆想等鄉土機制和文化策略，來發明傳統，改造禮儀，操縱社會記憶，建構出地域社會中強宗大族的社會形象。不同歷史時期的社會權力精英在不同歷史情境下，運用不同的文化策略，賦予同一段聯壽序文不同的社會意義與文化想象，創造出多姿多彩的鄉土文化。

關鍵字

鄉飲酒禮 ； 社會記憶 ； 文化建構 ； 瀝滘 ； 宗族

並列摘要

This paper centers on a magnificent carved wooden screen, a legend about the emperor bestowing such a screen, and a local ritual tradition of feasting to celebrate the longevity of local worthies, in order to discuss how a village lineage near Guangzhou in mid- Qing, responding to calls by the imperial court to strengthen the village drinking ritual and transform village custom through education (jiaohua), used imperial orthodox ritual in order to create a new lineage ritual. As part of this newly created lineage ritual they made flexible use of such cultural mechanisms and strategies as feasts to celebrate longevity, composition of congratulatory texts and stone inscriptions, oral legends about imperially bestowed screens, and the various subjective impressions attached to them, in order to create a tradition, transform ritual behavior, and manipulate social memory, as part of the legitimization of powerful lineages in local society. At different times, social elites under different historical circumstances use distinctive cultural strategies to attach different social significance and meanings to a single text, constructing thereby the richness and complexity of village culture.

並列關鍵字

village drinking rite ； social memory ； cultural construction ； Lijiao ； lineage