嘉南平原沿山熟番移住社會之形成暨其社會生活考察（1760－1945）－以大武壠派社為例

The Establishment of the Shufan (＂Cooked＂ Aboriginal) Migrant Community and Its Social Life on the Periphery of the Jianan Plain of Southem Taiwan (1760-1945): The Case of the Da-Wu-Long-Pai-She

洪麗完(Li-Wan Hung)

《歷史人類學學刊》 10卷1期 (2012/04) Pp. 31-86

摘要

由於外來熟、漢移民的生存競爭，生活空間遭到嚴重壓縮的大武壠社群，於18世紀中葉展開傳統領域外的移居活動。其中從故居內門丘陵往北，沿著灣裡溪（今曾文溪）溯溪而上，到達哆囉嘓社人生活領域東邊山麓地帶九重溪附近，建立「大武壠派社」。移住後的大武壠派社人，聚集族人、維繫族群命脈，一方面移植故居的風俗信仰（太祖），一方面不忘與故人保持聯繫（返回故居找尋終身伴侶）。由於自18世紀中葉移入之初，大武壠派社一直為當地優勢族群，加以社人聚族而居，新居附近交通不便、地理環境的封閉等，均有助於其某些傳統社會因素的維持。但19世紀以來，其信仰兼有傳統太祖、漢人民間俗信，乃至基督信仰；進入日治時期，以族內婚為主的婚姻關係，也存在熟、漢通婚現象。此乃大武壠派社長久以來，作為沿山邊區多族群社會一員，在其日常生活中其體呈現之族群互動面貌。本文勾勒移住嘉南平原東側邊區的大武壠派社人的社會生活，有助於沿山地區熟番社會圖像的整體理解，並作為沿山地方社會秩序研究的基礎。

關鍵字

臺灣 ； 移民 ； 熟番 ； 信仰 ； 婚姻

並列摘要

This paper describes the social life of shufan (＂cooked＂ or Sinified aboriginal) communities on the hillsides surrounding the Jianan Plain of southem Taiwan. It uses historical records from the Dutch and Qing period, household registers from the Japanese colonial era, and archives of the office of the Govemor- General of Taiwan as well as fieldwork to exarnine the migration of the people of Da- wu-long- pai- she to this area and their subsequent social life. The study analyzes the migration of these groups to new settlements in distant places and their interaction with neighboring ethnic groups through discussion of religious activities and marriage networks. With the influx of Han immigrants from the mainland, the shufan of the Da- wu-long- she faced intense competition for survival and a contraction in their living space. As a result, beginning in the 1740s-60s, they moved away from their original settlements to areas previously occupied by the Duo-luo- guo- she. Shufan who migrated from elsewhere and settled on the hillsides near the Jiuchong River are generally known as Da- wu-long- pai- she. In their newfound living space, the Da- wu-long- pai- she united with their fellow tribesmen. They brought their beliefs in the Great Progenitor (Taizu) with them from their original settlement and perpetuated their religious practices. They also maintained close ties and even inter- married with fellow shufan who remained in their previous places of residence. From the mid-nineteenth century when the Da-wu-long-pai-she frrst resett1ed, they remained the dominant tribe in the hillside areas of the Jianan Plain. The remoteness of the area, difficulty of communication with the outside world, close community ties and marriage networks all contributed to the preservation of their social traditions. However, their religious belief gradually transformed into a mixture of faith in Taizu, Han folk religion and Christianity. They also intermarried with Han. The case of Da-wu-long-pai-she shows that the history of shufan communities involves more than mere assimilation to the Han and westemization. Dense interactions among hillside aboriginal groups also played an important role.

並列關鍵字

Taiwan ； migration ； shufan aborigines ； belief ； marriage