洞庭古祠考－中古湘水下游的祠廟景觀

The Ancient Shrines of Dongting: The Religious Landscape of the Lower Xiang River in the Medieval Period

魏斌(Bin Wei)

《歷史人類學學刊》 10卷2期 (2012/10) Pp. 1-32

摘要

唐天祐二年（905）馬殷奏請中提到的「洞庭、青草之側」古祠四所－黃陵二妃祠、洞庭君祠、青草祠、三閭大夫祠，可以分為水神祠廟與聖賢祠祀兩個系統。祠廟沿洞庭湖東岸、湘水水道分佈，其興替過程與湘水下游河道、洞庭湖地區的自然環境變遷密切相關，同時也展現出楚和秦漢政權在南漸過程中產生的文化影響與融合關係。地方祠廟信仰取決於生態環境與區域生計系統，外來文化進入後同樣要適應於此。戰國以降南方地區的文化變遷過程中，地方祠廟景觀呈現出類似於南方漢語方言的上層、底層現象，上層表現為華夏化的面貌，土著習慣仍在底層得以延續。

關鍵字

湘水 ； 洞庭湖 ； 青草湖 ； 祠廟 ； 中古

並列摘要

In a memorial of 905, Ma Yin described four shrines near Lake Dongting and Lake Qingcao in present- day Hunan. Based on the deities worshipped, these shrines can be divided into two categories: shrines to water deities and shrines to sages and worthies. These shrines are distributed along the east shore of Lake Dongting and along the Xiang River. The story of their rise and fall was closely connected to changes in the natural environment of the lower Xiang River and Dongting area. At the same time it also reflected cultural influences related to the southward expansion of the political authority of Chu and Qin-Han. Local religious beliefs were shaped by the local ecology and regional economic systems; external cultural elements also had to adjust to local conditions. As an element in the overall process of cultural change in southern China since the Warring States period, the pattern of change in the religious landscape displays some similarities with the stratification of the Chinese language in the region, with the uppermost and most visible stratum reflecting transformations driven by the Hua-Xia culture, and the persistence of indigenous culture in the lower stratum.

並列關鍵字

Xiang River ； Lake Dongting ； Lake Qingcao ； temples ； medieval period